Alden Sprague Sanborn (October 21, 1820 – November 19, 1885) was an American lawyer, politician, and judge. He was the 7th Mayor of Madison, Wisconsin, serving from April 1867 to April 1868, and served as County Judge for Dane County, Wisconsin, from 1878 until his death in 1885. Sanborn also represented Dane County in the Wisconsin State Assembly for four sessions, and served as district attorney in Brown and Outagamie counties.