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A calypsonian, originally known as a chantwell, is a musician from the anglophone Caribbean who sings songs of the calypso genre. Calypsos are musical renditions having their origins in the West African griot tradition. Originally called "Kaiso" in Trinidad, these songs, based on West African Yoruba, Ewe-Fon and Akan musical beats, were sung by slaves and later ex-slaves in Trinidad and Tobago during recreation time and about a host of topics – their land of origin, social relationships on the plantations and the lives of community members, including plantation managers, overseers and owners.

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  • Calypsonian (en)
  • Calypsonian (es)
  • カリプソニアン (ja)
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  • カリプソニアン (calypsonian) とは、カリプソの伝統的な旋律と押韻を研究した、音楽家・即興詩人である。カリプソニアンは、基本的には時事問題を引き出し、それに対する批評や皮肉をもって、カリプソの歌詞を構成する。その対象がどんなものでも、即興で歌うことができるのが最上のカリプソニアンと言える。 1950年代以来、トリニダードでたびたび行われるセッションでは、即興の歌詞で自分たちを賛美し、相手をこき下ろすという形式のショーを行うのが伝統である(これをカリプソ・ウォーと呼ぶ)。この形式は、ヒップホップやダンスホール・レゲエのショーの中に波及している。 伝統的にカリプソニアンの芸名が強そうで派手なのは、相手に名前負けしないため、と言われている。 なお、以上のカリプソニアンの特色にあてはまらない、例えばハリー・ベラフォンテは、カリプソニアンとは呼ばず、単に「カリプソ歌手」と呼び、区別する。 (ja)
  • A calypsonian, originally known as a chantwell, is a musician from the anglophone Caribbean who sings songs of the calypso genre. Calypsos are musical renditions having their origins in the West African griot tradition. Originally called "Kaiso" in Trinidad, these songs, based on West African Yoruba, Ewe-Fon and Akan musical beats, were sung by slaves and later ex-slaves in Trinidad and Tobago during recreation time and about a host of topics – their land of origin, social relationships on the plantations and the lives of community members, including plantation managers, overseers and owners. (en)
  • Un Calypsonian es un músico que ha estudiado la cultura y la música calypso y memorizados sus ritmos y estrofas tradicionales. Si bien es cierto que sus temas son tropicales, los más importantes músicos del género pueden improvisar un calipso sobre cualquier tema propuesto. Es importante diferenciar entre un calypsonian y un cantante de calypso, como Harry Belafonte, quien interpreta calypsos pero sin permearse de las bases de la cultura del calypso y, ciertamente, sin componer calypsos. * Datos: Q5024685 * Multimedia: Calypsonians / Q5024685 (es)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/(Portrait_of_Calypso,_between_1938_and_1948)_(LOC)_(5189343849).jpg
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  • A calypsonian, originally known as a chantwell, is a musician from the anglophone Caribbean who sings songs of the calypso genre. Calypsos are musical renditions having their origins in the West African griot tradition. Originally called "Kaiso" in Trinidad, these songs, based on West African Yoruba, Ewe-Fon and Akan musical beats, were sung by slaves and later ex-slaves in Trinidad and Tobago during recreation time and about a host of topics – their land of origin, social relationships on the plantations and the lives of community members, including plantation managers, overseers and owners. Traditionalists see calypso as social commentary because in earlier years it served the purpose of telling stories, relaying news events and giving criticisms of persons and policy. Calypso was therefore divided into two classes: the social commentaries, which had songs dealing with politics and community issues; and the humorous calypso, which told stories of events, real or imagined, with the intent of making the audience laugh. By the late 19th century the British began large-scale immigration projects, mainly from Barbados, in an effort to anglicise the island, which resulted in a decline in the use of French Creole in the songs so that by the 1930s English Creole became the language of Trinidad Calypso. Despite the changeover, many words and expressions survived in Trinidad Creole and as a result also survived in its calypsos, including terms such as "santimanitay" from the original sans humanité, among others. Trinidad became the mecca of calypso in part because it was the most prosperous territory in the region and consequently many migrants headed to the island during the 20th century, including performers. As a direct result, Trinidad became known as the land of calypso. Many early kaiso/calypsos were sung in French Creole, as Trinidad gained a significant number of free and enslaved blacks from the French Antilles of Martinique, Guadeloupe, French-dominated Grenada and Dominica following the Cedula of population of 1783. The patois or French creole was the original language of the calypsonian and calypso music. (en)
  • Un Calypsonian es un músico que ha estudiado la cultura y la música calypso y memorizados sus ritmos y estrofas tradicionales. Si bien es cierto que sus temas son tropicales, los más importantes músicos del género pueden improvisar un calipso sobre cualquier tema propuesto. Es importante diferenciar entre un calypsonian y un cantante de calypso, como Harry Belafonte, quien interpreta calypsos pero sin permearse de las bases de la cultura del calypso y, ciertamente, sin componer calypsos. En Trinidad, la cuna del calypso, los calypsonians competían entre sí en sesiones ad hoc desarrolladas durante el carnaval, pero desde los años 1950, las competencias se hacen en competiciones organizadas de calypso. Una forma tradicional de calypso, como lo es el calypso de guerra, se usaba para concluir los espectáculos de calypso y en ella los improvisadores pronunciaban versos para ensalzarse a sí mismos y descalificar a los demás. Durante mucho tiempo, los calypsonians tomaban nombres artísticos extravagantes, aunque esta práctica decayó hasta volverse poco común. Los calypsonians más importantes del siglo XX son , , Lord Invader, Mighty Sparrow (en Trinidad y Tobago) y Walter Ferguson (en Costa Rica). * Datos: Q5024685 * Multimedia: Calypsonians / Q5024685 (es)
  • カリプソニアン (calypsonian) とは、カリプソの伝統的な旋律と押韻を研究した、音楽家・即興詩人である。カリプソニアンは、基本的には時事問題を引き出し、それに対する批評や皮肉をもって、カリプソの歌詞を構成する。その対象がどんなものでも、即興で歌うことができるのが最上のカリプソニアンと言える。 1950年代以来、トリニダードでたびたび行われるセッションでは、即興の歌詞で自分たちを賛美し、相手をこき下ろすという形式のショーを行うのが伝統である(これをカリプソ・ウォーと呼ぶ)。この形式は、ヒップホップやダンスホール・レゲエのショーの中に波及している。 伝統的にカリプソニアンの芸名が強そうで派手なのは、相手に名前負けしないため、と言われている。 なお、以上のカリプソニアンの特色にあてはまらない、例えばハリー・ベラフォンテは、カリプソニアンとは呼ばず、単に「カリプソ歌手」と呼び、区別する。 (ja)
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