Capite censi were literally, in Latin, "those counted by head" in the ancient Roman census. Also known as "the head count", the term was used to refer to the lowest class of citizens, people not of the nobility or middle classes, owning little or no property; thus they were counted by the head rather than by their property. Initially capite censi was synonymous with proletarii, meaning those citizens whose property was too small to be rated for the census. Later though, the proletarii were distinguished from the capite censi as having "appreciable property" to the value of 11,000 asses or less. In contrast, the capite censi are assumed to have not owned any property of significance.
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- Capite censi (en)
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| - Capite censi were literally, in Latin, "those counted by head" in the ancient Roman census. Also known as "the head count", the term was used to refer to the lowest class of citizens, people not of the nobility or middle classes, owning little or no property; thus they were counted by the head rather than by their property. Initially capite censi was synonymous with proletarii, meaning those citizens whose property was too small to be rated for the census. Later though, the proletarii were distinguished from the capite censi as having "appreciable property" to the value of 11,000 asses or less. In contrast, the capite censi are assumed to have not owned any property of significance. (en)
- Capite censi (en latín, literalmente, "los censados o contados por cabezas" -per capita-) era una expresión usada en la Antigua Roma para designar una categoría social: la clase más baja de ciudadanos, que no tenían ninguna propiedad y por tanto no podían ser censados por ese criterio, sino solo por su propia persona. Inicialmente se asimilaban a los proletarii, pero posteriormente se distinguía a unos de otros (los proletarii debían tener una "propiedad apreciable", aunque siempre de menor valor a los once mil ases). (es)
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| - Capite censi were literally, in Latin, "those counted by head" in the ancient Roman census. Also known as "the head count", the term was used to refer to the lowest class of citizens, people not of the nobility or middle classes, owning little or no property; thus they were counted by the head rather than by their property. Initially capite censi was synonymous with proletarii, meaning those citizens whose property was too small to be rated for the census. Later though, the proletarii were distinguished from the capite censi as having "appreciable property" to the value of 11,000 asses or less. In contrast, the capite censi are assumed to have not owned any property of significance. Gaius Marius, as part of the Marian reforms of 107 BC, allowed these non-land-owning Romans to enlist in the Roman legions. For the first time, men no longer had to own property to fight for Rome. Because these men had no property, they became the clients of their generals and veterans looked to them for land or monies after demobilization. Since the reforms did not include a permanent demobilization method divorced from army commanders, soldiers became closely linked to their generals for the process of rewarding them for service on demobilization (retirement from active service). The lack of a permanent demobilization process run by the government in Marius' military reform would help facilitate the demise of the Roman Republic. (en)
- Capite censi (en latín, literalmente, "los censados o contados por cabezas" -per capita-) era una expresión usada en la Antigua Roma para designar una categoría social: la clase más baja de ciudadanos, que no tenían ninguna propiedad y por tanto no podían ser censados por ese criterio, sino solo por su propia persona. Inicialmente se asimilaban a los proletarii, pero posteriormente se distinguía a unos de otros (los proletarii debían tener una "propiedad apreciable", aunque siempre de menor valor a los once mil ases). Cayo Mario, como parte de las Reformas de Mario del 105 a. C., permitió que los ciudadanos sin tierras pudieran entrar en el ejército romano, con lo cual ya no estaban obligados a tener propiedades para ello. Su situación económica les obligaba a convertirse en clientes de sus generales, y dependían de ellos para asegurarse una posición acomodada al término del prolongado servicio militar (recibiendo tierras, esclavos o pagos en metálico). Desde entonces los generales romanos estarían ligados a sus soldados, lo que llevó a la crisis de la República romana a través de las guerras civiles entre los ejércitos privados de los sucesivos "hombres fuertes" que se disputaban el poder (Mario y Sila, Pompeyo y César). (es)
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