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In astrodynamics, the characteristic energy is a measure of the excess specific energy over that required to just barely escape from a massive body. The units are length2 time−2, i.e. velocity squared, or energy per mass. Every object in a 2-body ballistic trajectory has a constant specific orbital energy equal to the sum of its specific kinetic and specific potential energy: Note that C3 is twice the specific orbital energy of the escaping object.

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  • طاقة مميزة (ar)
  • Characteristic energy (en)
  • Energia caratteristica (it)
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  • في الديناميكا المدارية، الطاقة المميزة التي تعد أحد أشكال الطاقة المحددة، هي مقياس للطاقة اللازمة للبعثة بين الكواكب التي تتطلب الوصول إلى سرعة مدارية أكبر من سرعة الإفلات اللازمة لإجراء مناورات مدارية إضافية. وتعد وحدة الطاقة المميزة هي كيلومتر2s−2. يمكن حساب الطاقة المميزة على النحو التالي: حيث تكون هي السرعة المدارية عندما تميل المسافة المدارية إلى ما لا نهاية. يُلاحظ أنه، حيث أن الطاقة الحركية عبارة عن ، فإن C3 في الواقع تساوي ضعف حجم الطاقة المدارية المحددة للعنصر الهارب. (ar)
  • In astrodynamics, the characteristic energy is a measure of the excess specific energy over that required to just barely escape from a massive body. The units are length2 time−2, i.e. velocity squared, or energy per mass. Every object in a 2-body ballistic trajectory has a constant specific orbital energy equal to the sum of its specific kinetic and specific potential energy: Note that C3 is twice the specific orbital energy of the escaping object. (en)
  • In astrodinamica l'energia caratteristica è una misura dell'eccesso di energia specifica (ovvero energia per unità di massa) che è necessaria per sfuggire all'attrazione di un corpo celeste. Viene comunemente indicata con il simbolo ed è definita come il quadrato della velocità di eccesso iperbolico: dove: * è la costante gravitazionale planetaria e dipende solo dalla massa del corpo celeste; * è il semiasse maggiore dell'orbita. L'energia caratteristica viene utilizzata come parametro di costo per le orbite e le traiettorie orbitali e come parametro di confronto per i lanciatori. (it)
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  • في الديناميكا المدارية، الطاقة المميزة التي تعد أحد أشكال الطاقة المحددة، هي مقياس للطاقة اللازمة للبعثة بين الكواكب التي تتطلب الوصول إلى سرعة مدارية أكبر من سرعة الإفلات اللازمة لإجراء مناورات مدارية إضافية. وتعد وحدة الطاقة المميزة هي كيلومتر2s−2. يمكن حساب الطاقة المميزة على النحو التالي: حيث تكون هي السرعة المدارية عندما تميل المسافة المدارية إلى ما لا نهاية. يُلاحظ أنه، حيث أن الطاقة الحركية عبارة عن ، فإن C3 في الواقع تساوي ضعف حجم الطاقة المدارية المحددة للعنصر الهارب. (ar)
  • In astrodynamics, the characteristic energy is a measure of the excess specific energy over that required to just barely escape from a massive body. The units are length2 time−2, i.e. velocity squared, or energy per mass. Every object in a 2-body ballistic trajectory has a constant specific orbital energy equal to the sum of its specific kinetic and specific potential energy: where is the standard gravitational parameter of the massive body with mass , and is the radial distance from its center. As an object in an escape trajectory moves outward, its kinetic energy decreases as its potential energy (which is always negative) increases, maintaining a constant sum. Note that C3 is twice the specific orbital energy of the escaping object. (en)
  • In astrodinamica l'energia caratteristica è una misura dell'eccesso di energia specifica (ovvero energia per unità di massa) che è necessaria per sfuggire all'attrazione di un corpo celeste. Viene comunemente indicata con il simbolo ed è definita come il quadrato della velocità di eccesso iperbolico: dove: * è la costante gravitazionale planetaria e dipende solo dalla massa del corpo celeste; * è il semiasse maggiore dell'orbita. L'energia caratteristica viene utilizzata come parametro di costo per le orbite e le traiettorie orbitali e come parametro di confronto per i lanciatori. In particolare, valori di C3 maggiori di zero indicano traiettorie in cui il veicolo spaziale sfugge all'influenza gravitazionale del corpo celeste (orbite iperboliche); ad esempio, traiettorie di trasferimento dalla Terra a Marte hanno valori di C3 intorno a 10 km²/s², mentre trasferimenti verso i pianeti più esterni possono richiedere 50–100 km²/s². Valori negativi di C3 invece caratterizzano le orbite ellittiche; In particolare, una traiettoria di ritorno libero per la Luna ha un C3 intorno a -2 km²/s². Nei lanciatori, C3 viene usato per determinare il carico che può essere inserito in una determinata orbita. La tabella seguente mostra alcuni esempi di lanciatori e la massa trasportabile a seconda dell'energia caratteristica della traiettoria. (it)
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