Eliza Carpenter (1851 – December 16, 1924) was a race horse owner and jockey who was born into slavery and achieved success as the only African-American horse racer in early Oklahoma. For more than thirty years she owned and raced a number of Thoroughbred horses in country circuits, winning many races and considerable money. By 1900 she was living at 491 Grand Avenue in Ponca City, Oklahoma where her occupation was given in that year's United States census as a "trader [of] live stock." The same record shows her to be a single woman, born in December 1851.