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Endoreduplication (also referred to as endoreplication or endocycling) is replication of the nuclear genome in the absence of mitosis, which leads to elevated nuclear gene content and polyploidy. Endoreplication can be understood simply as a variant form of the mitotic cell cycle (G1-S-G2-M) in which mitosis is circumvented entirely, due to modulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity. Examples of endoreplication characterized in arthropod, mammalian, and plant species suggest that it is a universal developmental mechanism responsible for the differentiation and morphogenesis of cell types that fulfill an array of biological functions. While endoreplication is often limited to specific cell types in animals, it is considerably more widespread in plants, such that polyploidy can be

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  • Endoreplikation (de)
  • Endoreduplication (en)
  • Endoréplication (fr)
  • 核内倍加 (ja)
rdfs:comment
  • L'endoréplication (appelé parfois endomitose) est une variante de la mitose consistant en la réplication de l'ADN du noyau d'une cellule sans divisions de la cellule elle-même : 2n → 4n → 8n → 16n → 32n → 64n. Elle a été décrite pour la première fois par Lothar Geitler en 1939 sur l'hémiptère Gerris lateralis. L'endomitose et l'endoréplication ont une légère différence : dans le premier cas, les chromosomes se condensent comme lors de la mitose et entrent en prophase qui sera stoppée, dans le second on n'observe aucune étape de la mitose. (fr)
  • 核内倍加（かくないばいか、英: endoreduplication, endoreplication, endocycling）は、有糸分裂を経ずにゲノムの複製が行われ、核内の遺伝子量の増加や多倍性が生じる現象である。核内倍加は、サイクリン依存性キナーゼ（CDK）の活性の変化のために有糸分裂が完全に回避された、細胞周期のバリエーションとして理解することもできる。核内倍加の例は節足動物、哺乳類、植物で特徴づけられており、さまざまな生物学的機能を果たす細胞種への分化と形態形成を担う、普遍的な発生機構であることが示唆される。核内倍加は動物では特定の細胞種に限定されている場合が多いのに対し、植物でははるかに広範囲でみられ、多倍性は植物組織の大部分でみられる。 (ja)
  • Endoreplikation (auch Polyploidisierung) ereignet sich in somatischen Geweben durch Programmänderungen des (mitotischen) Zellzyklus zum Endozyklus. Zwar repliziert die DNA (in mehreren Zyklen), aber der Zellkern und somit auch die Zelle teilen sich nicht und werden größer. Den Vorgang nennt man Endoreduplikation, wenn der DNA-Gehalt jeweils exakt verdoppelt wird, und zwar von 2 C nach 4 C → 8 C → 16 C → 32 C usw. Der DNA-Gehalt wird an Interphase-Kernen mittels Durchfluss- oder Mikroskop-Fotometrie bestimmt. Der C-Wert steht für die Größe des (haploiden) Genoms einer bestimmten biologischen Art. Ein C-Wert wird in Pikogramm (pg) oder Megabasenpaaren (Mbp) angegeben (Pflanzen-Genome, Tier-Genome). Da der Wert 4 C dem DNA-Gehalt gleicht, den eine S-Phase im mitotischen Zyklus produziert, ist (de)
  • Endoreduplication (also referred to as endoreplication or endocycling) is replication of the nuclear genome in the absence of mitosis, which leads to elevated nuclear gene content and polyploidy. Endoreplication can be understood simply as a variant form of the mitotic cell cycle (G1-S-G2-M) in which mitosis is circumvented entirely, due to modulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity. Examples of endoreplication characterized in arthropod, mammalian, and plant species suggest that it is a universal developmental mechanism responsible for the differentiation and morphogenesis of cell types that fulfill an array of biological functions. While endoreplication is often limited to specific cell types in animals, it is considerably more widespread in plants, such that polyploidy can be (en)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Notch_regulation_of_endocycling.png
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