Erastus Bradley Wolcott (October 18, 1804 – January 5, 1880) was an American physician, surgeon, and Wisconsin pioneer. He was surgeon general of Wisconsin during the American Civil War, serving nearly 20 years, from 1861 until his death in 1880. He was also known for being the first physician to excise a Human kidney. In contemporaneous documents, his name was often abbreviated as E. B. Wolcott.