Hou Jianguo (Chinese: 侯建国; born October 1959) is a Chinese chemist and politician. He served as party secretary of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine from 2017 to 2018. An accomplished research scientist, Hou is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and The World Academy of Sciences. He formerly served as President of the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) and has extensive international work experience.