The Instruction of Hardjedef, also known as the Teaching of Hordedef and Teaching of Djedefhor, belongs to the didactic literature of the Egyptian Old Kingdom. It is possibly the oldest of all known Instructions, composed during the 5th Dynasty according to Miriam Lichtheim, predating The Instructions of Kagemni and The Maxims of Ptahhotep. Only a few fragments from the beginning of the text have survived on a handful of New Kingdom ostraca and a Late Period wooden tablet.
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| - Hardžedefovo naučení (cs)
- Hordyedefen irakaskuntzak (eu)
- Instrucciones de Hordyedef (es)
- Instruction d'Hordjédef (fr)
- Instruction of Hardjedef (en)
- Instrução de Hardjedefe (pt)
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| - Las Instrucciones de Hordyedef (o Dyedefhor) forman parte de la literatura didáctica del Imperio Antiguo egipcio. (es)
- Hordyedefen argibideak edo Dyedefhorrenak, Egiptoko Antzinako Inperioko zati dira. (eu)
- L'instruction d'Hordjédef, aussi connu sous le nom de l'enseignement de Djédefhor, appartient à la littérature didactique de l'Ancien Empire. Elle est probablement la plus ancienne de toutes les instructions connues, composée pendant la Ve dynastie selon Miriam Lichtheim, antérieure aux instructions de Kagemni et aux maximes de Ptahhotep. Seuls quelques fragments du début du texte ont survécu sur une poignée d'un ostracon datant du Nouvel Empire et une tablette en bois de la Basse époque. (fr)
- Hardžedefovo naučení je staroegyptské literární dílo, nejstarší známý doklad žánru Knih moudrých rad do života. Za autora je literární tradicí považován princ Hardžedef, mladší syn panovníka Chufua z období 4. dynastie, který jej měl napsal pro svého syna Autjebrea. O Hardžedefově autorství ovšem neexistuje žádný přesvědčivý důkaz a nelze vyloučit, že mu bylo ještě ve Staré říši připsáno pro věhlas, který prince provázel; v egyptologii proto bývá označováno jako domnělé. (cs)
- The Instruction of Hardjedef, also known as the Teaching of Hordedef and Teaching of Djedefhor, belongs to the didactic literature of the Egyptian Old Kingdom. It is possibly the oldest of all known Instructions, composed during the 5th Dynasty according to Miriam Lichtheim, predating The Instructions of Kagemni and The Maxims of Ptahhotep. Only a few fragments from the beginning of the text have survived on a handful of New Kingdom ostraca and a Late Period wooden tablet. (en)
- Instrução de Hardjedefe, também conhecida como Ensino de Hordedefe e Ensino de Djedefor, é uma obra que pertence à literatura didática egípcia do Império Antigo. É possivelmente a mais antiga de todas as Instruções conhecidas, composta durante a V dinastia de acordo com , anterior às Instruções de Kagemni e As Máximas de Ptaotepe. Apenas alguns fragmentos do início do texto sobreviveram em um punhado de óstraco do Império Novo e uma tabuleta de madeira da Época Baixa. (pt)
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| - Hardžedefovo naučení je staroegyptské literární dílo, nejstarší známý doklad žánru Knih moudrých rad do života. Za autora je literární tradicí považován princ Hardžedef, mladší syn panovníka Chufua z období 4. dynastie, který jej měl napsal pro svého syna Autjebrea. O Hardžedefově autorství ovšem neexistuje žádný přesvědčivý důkaz a nelze vyloučit, že mu bylo ještě ve Staré říši připsáno pro věhlas, který prince provázel; v egyptologii proto bývá označováno jako domnělé. Pro existenci tohoto naučení dlouho svědčily jen zmínky o něm z jiných pramenů, teprve v moderní době byly nalezeny i zlomky textu samotného. Je z něj znám pouze začátek rekonstruovaný podle 17 opisů na hieratických ostrakách z ramessovské doby a jednoho na dřevěné tabulce ze Třetí přechodné doby. (cs)
- Las Instrucciones de Hordyedef (o Dyedefhor) forman parte de la literatura didáctica del Imperio Antiguo egipcio. (es)
- Hordyedefen argibideak edo Dyedefhorrenak, Egiptoko Antzinako Inperioko zati dira. (eu)
- The Instruction of Hardjedef, also known as the Teaching of Hordedef and Teaching of Djedefhor, belongs to the didactic literature of the Egyptian Old Kingdom. It is possibly the oldest of all known Instructions, composed during the 5th Dynasty according to Miriam Lichtheim, predating The Instructions of Kagemni and The Maxims of Ptahhotep. Only a few fragments from the beginning of the text have survived on a handful of New Kingdom ostraca and a Late Period wooden tablet. The first lines of the text establish Prince Djedefhor, Khufu's son, as the author of the Instruction, but this has been shown to be highly improbable. In antiquity Hardjedef enjoyed a reputation for wisdom, his name appears in the Westcar Papyrus, and according to the Harper's lay from the tomb of King Intef, a copy of which survives in Papyrus Harris 500, he is mentioned in the same breath as Imhotep, his maxims having survived while his tomb had been lost. His fame was especially great during periods of classicistic revival, when he and other Old Kingdom sages became role models for aspiring scribes. (en)
- L'instruction d'Hordjédef, aussi connu sous le nom de l'enseignement de Djédefhor, appartient à la littérature didactique de l'Ancien Empire. Elle est probablement la plus ancienne de toutes les instructions connues, composée pendant la Ve dynastie selon Miriam Lichtheim, antérieure aux instructions de Kagemni et aux maximes de Ptahhotep. Seuls quelques fragments du début du texte ont survécu sur une poignée d'un ostracon datant du Nouvel Empire et une tablette en bois de la Basse époque. (fr)
- Instrução de Hardjedefe, também conhecida como Ensino de Hordedefe e Ensino de Djedefor, é uma obra que pertence à literatura didática egípcia do Império Antigo. É possivelmente a mais antiga de todas as Instruções conhecidas, composta durante a V dinastia de acordo com , anterior às Instruções de Kagemni e As Máximas de Ptaotepe. Apenas alguns fragmentos do início do texto sobreviveram em um punhado de óstraco do Império Novo e uma tabuleta de madeira da Época Baixa. As primeiras linhas do texto estabelecem o príncipe , filho de Quéops, como autor da Instrução, mas isso tem se mostrado altamente improvável. Na antiguidade Hardjedefe gozava de uma reputação de sabedoria, seu nome aparece no Papiro Westcar, e de acordo com as Canções do harpista da tumba do faraó Intefe, uma cópia da qual sobrevive no Papiro Harris 500, é mencionado no mesmo fôlego que Imotepe, tendo suas máximas sobrevivido enquanto seu túmulo tinha sido perdido. Sua fama foi especialmente grande durante os períodos de revivalismo clássico, quando ele e outros sábios do Império Antigo se tornaram modelos para aspirantes a escribas. (pt)
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