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The Janapadas (pronounced [dʑɐnɐpɐdɐ]) (c. 1500–600 BCE) were the realms, republics (ganapada) and kingdoms (saamarajya) of the Vedic period on the Indian subcontinent. The Vedic period reaches from the late Bronze Age into the Iron Age: from about 1500 BCE to the 6th century BCE. With the rise of sixteen Mahajanapadas ("great janapadas"), most of the states were annexed by more powerful neighbours, although some remained independent.

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  • Janapada (en)
  • 자나파다 (ko)
  • Janapada (nl)
  • Janapada (pt)
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  • The Janapadas (pronounced [dʑɐnɐpɐdɐ]) (c. 1500–600 BCE) were the realms, republics (ganapada) and kingdoms (saamarajya) of the Vedic period on the Indian subcontinent. The Vedic period reaches from the late Bronze Age into the Iron Age: from about 1500 BCE to the 6th century BCE. With the rise of sixteen Mahajanapadas ("great janapadas"), most of the states were annexed by more powerful neighbours, although some remained independent. (en)
  • 자나파다(산스크리트어: जनपद)는 베다 시대 초기 마을 규모의 인도아리아인 부족 공동체들이 점차 규모가 커지면서 형성된 부족 국가 체제로, 고대 인도의 초기 국가 형태이다. (ko)
  • Een janapada (Devanagari: जनपद, Sanskriet: janapada, van jana - stam en pada - voet) was het territorium van een stam van de pastorale, ijzergebruikende en een Indo-Arische taal sprekende arya, zoals de stammen van de Veda's zichzelf noemden. De janapada's waren in de Vedische tijd rond 1000-600 v.Chr. de voorlopers van de eerste koninkrijkjes in het noorden van India. heeft de janapada's vergeleken met de Griekse stadstaatjes, maar dit was een periode waarin nationalistische geschiedschrijving en het hindoenationalisme sterk opkwam en het democratische aspect van de staatjes wel overdreven werd. Aan het einde van de Vedische tijd rond 500 v.Chr. smolten veel janapada's samen tot grotere mahajanapada's. (nl)
  • Os Janapadas são os grandes reinos da Idade do Ferro védica, por volta do secto século antes de Cristo, evoluindo nos dezesseis Mahajanapadas clássicos. (pt)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/MET_2001_433_53_O.jpeg
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ahichchhatra_Fort_Temple_Bareilly.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Coin_of_the_Kuru_Kingdom.jpg
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