The lysine price-fixing conspiracy was an organized effort during the mid-1990s to raise the price of the animal feed additive lysine. It involved five companies that had commercialized high-tech fermentation technologies, including American company Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), Japanese companies Ajinomoto and Kyowa Hakko Kogyo, and Korean companies Sewon America Inc. and Cheil Jedang Ltd. A criminal investigation resulted in fines and three-year prison sentences for three executives of ADM who colluded with the other companies to fix prices. The foreign companies settled with the United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division in September through December 1996. Each firm and four executives from the Asian firms pleaded guilty as part of a plea bargain to aid in further investigat
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| - Conspiració per fixar els preus de la lisina (ca)
- Lysine price-fixing conspiracy (en)
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| - La conspiració per fixar el preu de la lisina va ser un intent empresarial organitzat durant la meitat de la dècada de 1990 per a fer pujar el preu d'un dels components principals del pinso animal: l'aminoàcid lisina. En aquesta operació il·legal hi van estar involucrades empreses com Archer Daniels Midland (ADM); Ajinomoto i (aquestes dues del Japó); i Sewon America Inc. (de Corea). Una investigació criminal donà lloc a multes i a sentències de tres anys de presó per a executius d'ADM en connivència amb altres companyies per a fixar preus. Les companyies estrangeres arribaren a un acord amb el Departament de Justícia-Divisió antitrust el setembre de 1996. El càrtel aconseguí elevar el preu de la lisina un 70% en els primers nou mesos de cooperació. (ca)
- The lysine price-fixing conspiracy was an organized effort during the mid-1990s to raise the price of the animal feed additive lysine. It involved five companies that had commercialized high-tech fermentation technologies, including American company Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), Japanese companies Ajinomoto and Kyowa Hakko Kogyo, and Korean companies Sewon America Inc. and Cheil Jedang Ltd. A criminal investigation resulted in fines and three-year prison sentences for three executives of ADM who colluded with the other companies to fix prices. The foreign companies settled with the United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division in September through December 1996. Each firm and four executives from the Asian firms pleaded guilty as part of a plea bargain to aid in further investigat (en)
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| - La conspiració per fixar el preu de la lisina va ser un intent empresarial organitzat durant la meitat de la dècada de 1990 per a fer pujar el preu d'un dels components principals del pinso animal: l'aminoàcid lisina. En aquesta operació il·legal hi van estar involucrades empreses com Archer Daniels Midland (ADM); Ajinomoto i (aquestes dues del Japó); i Sewon America Inc. (de Corea). Una investigació criminal donà lloc a multes i a sentències de tres anys de presó per a executius d'ADM en connivència amb altres companyies per a fixar preus. Les companyies estrangeres arribaren a un acord amb el Departament de Justícia-Divisió antitrust el setembre de 1996. El càrtel aconseguí elevar el preu de la lisina un 70% en els primers nou mesos de cooperació. Amb aquesta investigació el govern dels Estats Units varen recaptar prop de 100 milions de dòlars en multes, un rècord en la penalització antitrust d'aquella època. a més l'empresa ADM va haver de pagar una multa addicional de 30 milions de dòlars per la seva participació en una conspiració separada pel que fa al mercat de l'àcid cítric. (ca)
- The lysine price-fixing conspiracy was an organized effort during the mid-1990s to raise the price of the animal feed additive lysine. It involved five companies that had commercialized high-tech fermentation technologies, including American company Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), Japanese companies Ajinomoto and Kyowa Hakko Kogyo, and Korean companies Sewon America Inc. and Cheil Jedang Ltd. A criminal investigation resulted in fines and three-year prison sentences for three executives of ADM who colluded with the other companies to fix prices. The foreign companies settled with the United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division in September through December 1996. Each firm and four executives from the Asian firms pleaded guilty as part of a plea bargain to aid in further investigation against ADM. The cartel had been able to raise lysine prices 70% within their first nine months of cooperation. The investigation yielded $105 million in criminal fines, a record antitrust penalty at the time, including a $70 million fine against ADM. ADM was fined an additional $30 million for its participation in a separate conspiracy in the citric acid market and paid a total fine of $100 million. Three former high-ranking ADM executives were convicted in September 1998 after a ten-week jury trial. Buyers of lysine in the United States and Canada sued and recovered $80 to $100 million in damages from the five cartel members, and ADM paid $38 million to settle mismanagement suits by its shareholders. The lysine cartel was the first successful prosecution of an international cartel by the U.S. Department of Justice in more than 40 years. Since then, the DoJ has discovered and successfully prosecuted nearly 20 international cartels. (en)
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