A nonsense suppressor is a factor which can inhibit the effect of the nonsense mutation. Nonsense suppressors can be generally divided into two classes: a) a mutated tRNA which can bind with a termination codon on mRNA; b) a mutation on ribosomes decreasing the effect of a termination codon. It's believed that nonsense suppressors keep a low concentration in the cell and do not disrupt normal translation most of the time. In addition, many genes do not have only one termination codon, and cells commonly use ochre codons as the termination signal, whose nonsense suppressors are usually inefficient.
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| - Nonsense suppressor (en)
- 無義突變抑制因子 (zh)
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| - 在分子生物學中，無義突變抑制因子（nonsense suppressor，亦稱爲無義抑制因子）是一種能抑制無義突變作用的因子。生物體內會發生一種稱爲無義突變的突變，mRNA上編碼氨基酸的密碼子會變成終止密碼子，造成轉譯提前終止，產生的多肽鏈完全無正常功能。爲了補救這種突變，生物體進化出了無義突變抑制因子，無義突變抑制因子可以通讀終止密碼子，使轉譯得以繼續，避免生物體因無義突變而死亡。無義突變抑制因子可以分爲兩種：能與終止密碼子結合的突變tRNA（通常是帶有與終止密碼子互補的反密碼子，但也有突變位點不在反密碼子上的無義突變抑制因子）；能減弱終止密碼子作用效果的突變核糖體。其中，突變tRNA較爲常見，對它的認識也相對透徹。 無義突變抑制因子一般不會使正常的轉譯無法終止。對於該現象，通常有以下幾種解釋：1)tRNA型的無義突變抑制因子在細胞內濃度遠遠低於正常的tRNA（因爲其基因拷貝數一般比正常的tRNA低），因而與終止密碼子結合的概率相對較低；2)生物體往往會以一種密碼子作爲主要的終止密碼子，與其對應的無義突變抑制因子作用效果都較弱；3)部分基因本身在開放讀框（ORF）末端帶有多個終止密碼子，確保轉譯能正常結束。 (zh)
- A nonsense suppressor is a factor which can inhibit the effect of the nonsense mutation. Nonsense suppressors can be generally divided into two classes: a) a mutated tRNA which can bind with a termination codon on mRNA; b) a mutation on ribosomes decreasing the effect of a termination codon. It's believed that nonsense suppressors keep a low concentration in the cell and do not disrupt normal translation most of the time. In addition, many genes do not have only one termination codon, and cells commonly use ochre codons as the termination signal, whose nonsense suppressors are usually inefficient. (en)
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| - A nonsense suppressor is a factor which can inhibit the effect of the nonsense mutation. Nonsense suppressors can be generally divided into two classes: a) a mutated tRNA which can bind with a termination codon on mRNA; b) a mutation on ribosomes decreasing the effect of a termination codon. It's believed that nonsense suppressors keep a low concentration in the cell and do not disrupt normal translation most of the time. In addition, many genes do not have only one termination codon, and cells commonly use ochre codons as the termination signal, whose nonsense suppressors are usually inefficient. Nonsense suppressors are a useful genetic tool, but can also result in problematic side effects, since all identical stop codons in the genome will also be suppressed to the same degree. Genes with different or multiple stop codons will be unaffected. SUP35, a nonsense suppressor identified by Wickner in 1994, is a prion protein. In synthetic biology, artificial suppressor elongator tRNAs are used to incorporate unnatural amino acids at nonsense codons placed in the coding sequence of a gene. Start codons can also be suppressed with suppressor initiator tRNAs, such as the amber stop codon suppressor tRNAfMet2(CUA). The amber initiator tRNA is charged with methionine and glutamine. (en)
- 在分子生物學中，無義突變抑制因子（nonsense suppressor，亦稱爲無義抑制因子）是一種能抑制無義突變作用的因子。生物體內會發生一種稱爲無義突變的突變，mRNA上編碼氨基酸的密碼子會變成終止密碼子，造成轉譯提前終止，產生的多肽鏈完全無正常功能。爲了補救這種突變，生物體進化出了無義突變抑制因子，無義突變抑制因子可以通讀終止密碼子，使轉譯得以繼續，避免生物體因無義突變而死亡。無義突變抑制因子可以分爲兩種：能與終止密碼子結合的突變tRNA（通常是帶有與終止密碼子互補的反密碼子，但也有突變位點不在反密碼子上的無義突變抑制因子）；能減弱終止密碼子作用效果的突變核糖體。其中，突變tRNA較爲常見，對它的認識也相對透徹。 無義突變抑制因子一般不會使正常的轉譯無法終止。對於該現象，通常有以下幾種解釋：1)tRNA型的無義突變抑制因子在細胞內濃度遠遠低於正常的tRNA（因爲其基因拷貝數一般比正常的tRNA低），因而與終止密碼子結合的概率相對較低；2)生物體往往會以一種密碼子作爲主要的終止密碼子，與其對應的無義突變抑制因子作用效果都較弱；3)部分基因本身在開放讀框（ORF）末端帶有多個終止密碼子，確保轉譯能正常結束。 (zh)
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