The Pacific–North American teleconnection pattern (PNA) is a climatological term for a large-scale weather pattern with two modes, denoted positive and negative, and which relates the atmospheric circulation pattern over the North Pacific Ocean with the one over the North American continent. The negative PNA phase is associated with the opposite.
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| - PNA Pacific North America (it)
- 太平洋・北米パターン (ja)
- Pacific–North American teleconnection pattern (en)
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| - 太平洋・北米パターン（たいへいよう・ほくべいパターン、Pacific - North American pattern：PNA）とは太平洋西部から北アメリカ大陸にかけての地域で起こるテレコネクションパターンである。多数のブロックの気候が、互いに伴って変化する。 (ja)
- In meteorologia, l'Indice PNA (Inglese: Pacific-North America ovvero Oceano Pacifico - Nord America) è un indice teleconnettivo, di tipo descrittivo che monitora la circolazione atmosferica sull'Oceano Pacifico Settentrionale e sul Continente Nordamericano; più in particolare le differenze di pressione oceano-continente.Il pattern PNA è associato alle oscillazioni della forza e alle variazioni di posizione della corrente a getto orientale.È stata osservata una correlazione tra il pattern PNA ed El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO): la fase PNA+ tende ad essere associata con valori positivi dell'ENSO (El Niño), la fase negativa tende ad essere associata con Pacific episodi freddi (La Niña).È caratterizzato da una fase positiva e da una fase negativa (it)
- The Pacific–North American teleconnection pattern (PNA) is a climatological term for a large-scale weather pattern with two modes, denoted positive and negative, and which relates the atmospheric circulation pattern over the North Pacific Ocean with the one over the North American continent. The negative PNA phase is associated with the opposite. (en)
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| - The Pacific–North American teleconnection pattern (PNA) is a climatological term for a large-scale weather pattern with two modes, denoted positive and negative, and which relates the atmospheric circulation pattern over the North Pacific Ocean with the one over the North American continent. The positive phase of the PNA pattern features above-average barometric pressure heights in the vicinity of Hawaii and over the inter-mountain region of North America, and below-average heights located south of the Aleutian Islands and over the southeastern United States. The PNA pattern is associated with strong fluctuations in the strength and location of the East Asian jet stream. The positive phase is associated with an enhanced East Asian jet stream and with an eastward shift in the jet exit region toward the western United States. The negative phase is associated with a westward retraction of that jet stream toward eastern Asia, blocking activity over the high latitudes of the North Pacific, and a strong split-flow configuration over the central North Pacific. The positive phase of the PNA pattern is associated with above-average temperatures over western Canada and the extreme western United States, and below-average temperatures across the south-central and southeastern US. The PNA tends to have little impact on surface temperature variability over North America during summer. The associated precipitation anomalies include above-average totals in the Gulf of Alaska extending into the Pacific Northwestern United States, and below-average totals over the upper Midwestern United States. The negative PNA phase is associated with the opposite. Although the PNA pattern is a natural internal mode of climate variability, it is also strongly influenced by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. The positive phase of the PNA pattern tends to be associated with Pacific warm episodes (El Niño), and the negative phase tends to be associated with Pacific cold episodes (La Niña). (en)
- 太平洋・北米パターン（たいへいよう・ほくべいパターン、Pacific - North American pattern：PNA）とは太平洋西部から北アメリカ大陸にかけての地域で起こるテレコネクションパターンである。多数のブロックの気候が、互いに伴って変化する。 (ja)
- In meteorologia, l'Indice PNA (Inglese: Pacific-North America ovvero Oceano Pacifico - Nord America) è un indice teleconnettivo, di tipo descrittivo che monitora la circolazione atmosferica sull'Oceano Pacifico Settentrionale e sul Continente Nordamericano; più in particolare le differenze di pressione oceano-continente.Il pattern PNA è associato alle oscillazioni della forza e alle variazioni di posizione della corrente a getto orientale.È stata osservata una correlazione tra il pattern PNA ed El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO): la fase PNA+ tende ad essere associata con valori positivi dell'ENSO (El Niño), la fase negativa tende ad essere associata con Pacific episodi freddi (La Niña).È caratterizzato da una fase positiva e da una fase negativa (it)
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