In optics, a pencil or pencil of rays is a geometric construct used to describe a beam or portion of a beam of electromagnetic radiation or charged particles, typically in the form of a narrow beam (conical or cylindrical). Antennas which strongly bundle in azimuth and elevation are often described as "pencil-beam" antennas. For example, a phased array antenna can send out a beam that is extremely thin. Such antennas are used for tracking radar, and the process is known as beamforming. In electron optics, scanning electron microscopes use narrow pencil beams to achieve a deep depth of field.
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| - Pencil Beam (de)
- Haz de rayos (es)
- Pencil (optics) (en)
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| - Als Pencil Beam (englisch wörtlich für „Bleistift-Strahl“) werden in der Funktechnik sehr stark gebündelte elektromagnetische Wellen bezeichnet. Es wird damit anschaulich ein Sendestrahl beschrieben, der „dünn wie ein Bleistift“ ist. Antennen mit einem gebündelten Funkstrahl haben also einen sehr schmalen Öffnungswinkel und somit einen sehr großen Antennengewinn. Pencil-Beam-Antennen finden beispielsweise Verwendung als Feuerleitradar. Echte 3D-Radar-Geräte der Luftverteidigung strahlen ebenfalls gebündelte Funkwellen ab. (de)
- En óptica, un haz de rayos es una construcción geométrica utilizada para describir una emisión de radiación electromagnética o de partículas cargadas, generalmente en forma de cono o de cilindro estrecho. (es)
- In optics, a pencil or pencil of rays is a geometric construct used to describe a beam or portion of a beam of electromagnetic radiation or charged particles, typically in the form of a narrow beam (conical or cylindrical). Antennas which strongly bundle in azimuth and elevation are often described as "pencil-beam" antennas. For example, a phased array antenna can send out a beam that is extremely thin. Such antennas are used for tracking radar, and the process is known as beamforming. In electron optics, scanning electron microscopes use narrow pencil beams to achieve a deep depth of field. (en)
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| - Als Pencil Beam (englisch wörtlich für „Bleistift-Strahl“) werden in der Funktechnik sehr stark gebündelte elektromagnetische Wellen bezeichnet. Es wird damit anschaulich ein Sendestrahl beschrieben, der „dünn wie ein Bleistift“ ist. Antennen mit einem gebündelten Funkstrahl haben also einen sehr schmalen Öffnungswinkel und somit einen sehr großen Antennengewinn. Pencil-Beam-Antennen finden beispielsweise Verwendung als Feuerleitradar. Echte 3D-Radar-Geräte der Luftverteidigung strahlen ebenfalls gebündelte Funkwellen ab. (de)
- En óptica, un haz de rayos es una construcción geométrica utilizada para describir una emisión de radiación electromagnética o de partículas cargadas, generalmente en forma de cono o de cilindro estrecho. (es)
- In optics, a pencil or pencil of rays is a geometric construct used to describe a beam or portion of a beam of electromagnetic radiation or charged particles, typically in the form of a narrow beam (conical or cylindrical). Antennas which strongly bundle in azimuth and elevation are often described as "pencil-beam" antennas. For example, a phased array antenna can send out a beam that is extremely thin. Such antennas are used for tracking radar, and the process is known as beamforming. In optics, the focusing action of a lens is often described in terms of pencils of rays. In addition to conical and cylindrical pencils, optics deals with astigmatic pencils as well. In electron optics, scanning electron microscopes use narrow pencil beams to achieve a deep depth of field. Ionizing radiation used in radiation therapy, whether photons or charged particles, such as proton therapy and electron therapy machines, is sometimes delivered through the use of pencil beam scanning. In backscatter X-ray imaging a pencil beam of x-ray radiation is used to scan over an object to create an intensity image of the Compton-scattered radiation. (en)
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