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The Special Organization (Ottoman Turkish: تشکیلات مخصوصه, Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa, SO or TM) was a paramilitary organization in the Ottoman Empire known for its key role in the commission of the Armenian genocide. Originally organized under the Ministry of War, the organization was shifted to answer directly to the ruling party Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) in February 1915. Led by Bahaeddin Şakir and Nazım Bey and formed in early 1914 of tribesmen (especially Circassians and Kurds) as well as more than 10,000 convicted criminals—offered a chance to redeem themselves if they served the state—as a force independent of the regular army that could be used to attack civilians. It was the progenitor of the National Security Service of the Republic of Turkey, which was itself the predecessor

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rdf:type
rdfs:label
  • Special Organization (Ottoman Empire) (en)
  • تشكيلات مخصوصة (ar)
  • Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa (de)
  • Organisasi Khusus (in)
  • Organizzazione Speciale (Impero ottomano) (it)
  • Organisation spéciale (Empire ottoman) (fr)
  • Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa (nl)
  • Тешкилят-и Махсуса (ru)
  • 特別組織 (zh)
rdfs:comment
  • La seconde Organisation spéciale (en turc Teşkilat-i Mahsusa) est une unité créée par les chefs de l'Ittihad en 1914 et impliquée dans le génocide arménien. Le terme d'Organisation spéciale désignait au départ une organisation fondée dès 1911 dans l'Empire ottoman et placée sous les ordres du ministère de la Guerre. L'existence et l'action de l'Organisation spéciale ont été révélées en avril-mai 1919 lors du procès du Parti Union et Progrès, après avoir été abordées par les quotidiens turcs Hadisat et Sabah dès la fin de l'année 1918. (fr)
  • Organisasi Khusus (bahasa Turki Utsmaniyah: تشکیلات مخصوصه, Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa) adalah satuan pasukan khusus pemerintah Kesultanan Utsmaniyah di bawah Departemen Peperangan dan diduga digunakan untuk menekan separatisme Arab dan imperialisme barat di wilayah Utsmaniyah. Banyak anggota organisasi ini memainkan peranan penting selama Genosida Armenia. Tujuan utama Organisasi Khusus adalah membuka kembali parlemen Utsmaniyah. Anggotanya juga terlibat dalam perlawan terhadap Italia di Libya. organisasi ini adalah pendahulu (bahasa Turki: Milli Emniyet Hizmeti) Republik Turki, yang merupakan pendahulu modern (bahasa Turki: Milli İstihbarat Teşkilatı, MİT). (in)
  • L'Organizzazione Speciale (in turco ottomano: تشکیلات مخصوصه , Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa) fu un'unità delle forze speciali del governo imperiale ottomano sotto il Dipartimento della Guerra nota per il suo ruolo chiave nella commissione del genocidio armeno. Molti membri di questa organizzazione svolsero anche dei ruoli di primo piano nella prima guerra mondiale. I membri dell'organizzazione parteciparono inoltre alla resistenza contro gli italiani in Libia. Fu il capostipite del (in turco Milli Emniyet Hizmeti) della Repubblica di Turchia, che era essa stessa il predecessore della moderna Organizzazione Nazionale di Intelligence (in turco Milli İstihbarat Teşkilatı, MİT). (it)
  • Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa (Osmaans: تشکیلات مخصوصه, Nederlands: Speciale Organisatie) was de geheime dienst van het Ottomaanse Rijk, opgericht door Enver Pasja van het Comité voor Eenheid en Vooruitgang. Deze organisatie viel onder het ministerie van Oorlog en werd in het leven geroepen om nationalistische opstanden van etnische minderheden te onderdrukken en westerse inmengingen in het rijk tegen te werken. Daarnaast speelden de dienst een organisatorische rol tijdens de deportaties van Armeniërs naar het Levant. Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa wordt vaak gezien als de voorganger van de huidige Turkse geheime dienst, de Milli Istihbarat Teskilati. (nl)
  • 特別組織(奧斯曼土耳其語:تشکیلاتمخصوصه,Teşkilât-I Mahsusa),是第一次世界大戰中奧斯曼帝國陸軍部下的特殊部隊,由庫爾德人和貝都因人組成,用於鎮壓受英法支持的阿拉伯起義。最有名的成員是恩維爾帕夏。 特別組織成立的主要目的是重新召開奧斯曼議會。這組織在亞美尼亞大屠殺期間也發揮特殊的作用,該組織的成員也參加了在利比亞對意大利的抵抗活動。 特別組織也是土耳其共和國國家安全局的前身。 (zh)
  • المنظمة الخاصة في تركيا هي تنظيم سري تأسس داخل جمعية الإتحاد والترقي بناءاً على رغبة أنور باشا وكان يتضمن اَراء إسلاميين وأتراك جمعية الاتحاد والترقي داخل وخارج البلد ومكافحة التجسس والدعاية والتنظيم وحركات الاغتيال ووفقاً لتصريحات الشهود المختلفة فإن تأثيرها أصبح فعالاً اعتباراً من عام 1911وفي أغسطس عام 1914 تم تحويلها إلى منظمة رسمية تابعة لوزارة الدفاع (ar)
  • Die Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa (osmanisch تشکیلات مخصوصه İA Teşkīlāt-ı Maḫṣūṣa, deutsch ‚Spezialorganisation‘) war eine Mischung aus Geheimorganisation und Guerillaorganisation des Komitees für Einheit und Fortschritt (İttihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti) im Osmanischen Reich. Sie wurde von Enver Pascha ins Leben gerufen und unterstand . Gemäß der türkistischen und panislamischen Ideologie der İttihad ve Terakki führte die Organisation im In- und Ausland gegen Feinde des Osmanischen Reiches Tätigkeiten wie Spionage, Propaganda und Attentate durch. Nach den Aussagen verschiedener Zeugen wurde die Organisation ab 1911 aktiv und wurde am 5. August 1914 offiziell dem Kriegsministerium unterstellt. Nachdem die Regierung am 8. Oktober 1918 zurücktrat, wurde die Organisation aufgelöst. (de)
  • The Special Organization (Ottoman Turkish: تشکیلات مخصوصه, Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa, SO or TM) was a paramilitary organization in the Ottoman Empire known for its key role in the commission of the Armenian genocide. Originally organized under the Ministry of War, the organization was shifted to answer directly to the ruling party Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) in February 1915. Led by Bahaeddin Şakir and Nazım Bey and formed in early 1914 of tribesmen (especially Circassians and Kurds) as well as more than 10,000 convicted criminals—offered a chance to redeem themselves if they served the state—as a force independent of the regular army that could be used to attack civilians. It was the progenitor of the National Security Service of the Republic of Turkey, which was itself the predecessor (en)
  • Тешкилят-и Махсуса (осман. تشکیلات مخصوصه‎, специальная организация) — подразделение вооружённых сил Османской империи, занимавшееся контрразведкой. Подчинялось Военному министерству. Тешкилят-и Махсуса было предшественником Национальной службы безопасности Турции (тур. Milli Emniyet Hizmeti). (ru)
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