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The Thirteen Factories, also known as the Canton Factories, was a neighbourhood along the Pearl River in southwestern Guangzhou (Canton) in the Qing Empire from c. 1684 to 1856 around modern day Xiguan, in Guangzhou's Liwan District. These warehouses and stores were the principal and sole legal site of most Western trade with China from 1757 to 1842. The factories were destroyed by fire in 1822 by accident, in 1841 amid the First Opium War, and in 1856 at the onset of the Second Opium War. The factories' importance diminished after the opening of the treaty ports and the end of the Canton System under the terms of the 1842 Anglo-Chinese Treaty of Nanking. After the Second Opium War, the factories were not rebuilt at their former site south of Guangzhou's old walled city but moved, first to

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  • Distrito de las trece factorías de Cantón (es)
  • Tiga Belas Pabrik (in)
  • 広東十三行 (ja)
  • 광동십삼행 (ko)
  • Dertien Factorijen (nl)
  • Thirteen Factories (en)
  • Тринадцать факторий (ru)
  • 广州十三行 (zh)
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  • 광동십삼행(중국어: 廣東十三行)은 1684년부터 1856년까지 청(淸)대 광동성(廣東省) 광주부(廣州府) 남서부의 주강(珠江)을 따라 발달한 무역지구를 말하며, 현재의 리완구(荔灣區) 부근을 말한다. 1757년부터 1842년까지 서구 국가들의 상업 유통이 이 지역에서 주로 이루어졌다. 1822년에는 화재로 한 차례 파괴되었다가, 1841년에는 제1차 아편 전쟁으로, 1856년에는 제2차 아편 전쟁으로 다시금 파괴된다. 이후 전쟁의 강화조약으로 여러 개의 이 설치됨에 따라 이전에 난징 조약으로 나타난 광동 체제는 그 위세를 잃어간다. 1856년에 전쟁으로 파괴된 이후 재건되는 일은 없었으며, 광저우 서부의 교외에 있는 하이주구(海珠區)에 새로운 무역 지구가 생겨난다. 광동십삼행이 위치했던 구역은 현재 광저우문화공원이 되었다. (ko)
  • De Dertien Factorijen waren factorijen in de Chinese stad Kanton (thans Guangzhou genoemd) waar buitenlanders vanaf de 18e eeuw werd toegestaan om handel te drijven met China. In termen van organisatie had het grote gelijkenis met de handel door Mongoolse tribuutmissies aan de noordelijke en noordwestelijke grens van het rijk. (nl)
  • 広東十三行(カントンじゅうさんこう、中:廣州十三行・广州十三行、英語:Thirteen Factories)とは、清代の広州に於ける外国貿易を独占した商人団の通称。洋貨行、洋行、行商等とも称される。 (ja)
  • 廣州十三行(英語:Thirteen Factories或Thirteen Hongs of Canton),又稱廣東十三行、十三洋行,是指清朝沿用明朝之習慣稱呼廣州對外貿易特區內的十三家牙行商人。後來,這地區稱為“十三行街”,“洋貨行”、“洋行”成為外貿商行的通稱。十三行街現為十三行路,原十三行地區位於今十三行路以南及廣州文化公園一帶。 康熙二十三年(1684年),康熙批准外商在粤海關(廣州)、閩海關(厦門福州)、浙海關(寧波)、江海關(松江)四個口岸經商,當時,國內外運到廣東海口的商貨很多,行商却很少。1686年洋商獲准在廣州市珠江口的一个街區居住和經商。 乾隆二十二年(1757年),清廷下令封鎖全國對外口岸,僅保留廣州珠江粵海關一帶作為對外通商港口(鎖國),及不得在中國其他地方經商。廣州的洋行集中在離珠江約三百尺的十三行區。在廣州立洋行的包括花旗國(美國)、紅毛國(英國)、雙鷹國(奧地利帝國)、單鷹國(普魯士)、黃旗國(丹麥)、法蘭西、瑞典、葡萄牙等國商人。十三洋行區除洋商、十三行外,還有官辦的商行。 (zh)
  • El Distrito de las Trece Factorías, conocido también como las Factorías de Cantón (十三行, Shísān Háng o Sahp-sāam Hóng), fue un barrio situado en la vereda norte del río de las Perlas, situado al suroeste de la ciudad de Cantón (actual Guanzhou). Entre 1757 y 1842, todo el comercio entre China y Occidente se desarrolló en este distrito. (es)
  • Tiga Belas Pabrik (Hanzi: 十三行; Pinyin: Shísān Háng), yang secara harfiah berarti tiga belas kantor usaha resmi adalah sebuah kawasan di tepi Sungai Mutiara di daerah Xiguan (Saikwan), barat daya Kanton, di zaman Dinasti Qing dari tahun 1684 hingga 1856. Kawasan ini merupakan satu-satunya tempat perdagangan resmi antara Tiongkok dengan Barat dari tahun 1757 hingga 1842. Kantor-gudang ini hancur akibat musibah kebakaran pada tahun 1822, kemudian pada tahun 1841 saat sedang berkecamuk Perang Candu Pertama dan hancur lagi pada tahun 1856 ketika dimulainya Perang Candu Kedua. Kepentingan kantor-gudang ini merosot setelah Britania Raya memaksakan pembukaan beberapa pelabuhan perjanjian di Tiongkok sesuai dengan Perjanjian Nanking pada tahun 1842. Seusai Perang Candu Kedua, kantor-gudang ini tida (in)
  • The Thirteen Factories, also known as the Canton Factories, was a neighbourhood along the Pearl River in southwestern Guangzhou (Canton) in the Qing Empire from c. 1684 to 1856 around modern day Xiguan, in Guangzhou's Liwan District. These warehouses and stores were the principal and sole legal site of most Western trade with China from 1757 to 1842. The factories were destroyed by fire in 1822 by accident, in 1841 amid the First Opium War, and in 1856 at the onset of the Second Opium War. The factories' importance diminished after the opening of the treaty ports and the end of the Canton System under the terms of the 1842 Anglo-Chinese Treaty of Nanking. After the Second Opium War, the factories were not rebuilt at their former site south of Guangzhou's old walled city but moved, first to (en)
  • «Тринадцать факторий» (кит. 十三行, также известны как «Кантонские фактории» и «Тринадцать торговых домов Кантона») — название исторического района, существовавшего в период империи Цин (1684—1856) на берегу Жемчужной реки в юго-западной части Кантона. С 1757 по 1842 год это скопление причалов, складов и магазинов было крупнейшим и единственным местом, где западные коммерсанты могли законно вести торговлю с Китаем. После заключения Нанкинского договора, открытия «договорных портов» и окончания «Кантонской системы» торговое значение «Тринадцати факторий» значительно сократилось. (ru)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/A_close_view_of_the_Foreign_Factories_in_Guangzhou,_circa_1807,_artist_unknown_-_Hong_Kong_Museum_of_History_-_DSC01004.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/British_Factory_in_Canton.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Canton_Fire_of_1822.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Canton_after_fire.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Canton_factory_site.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/European_Factories_at_Canton.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Foreign_factories,_1840.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Plan_of_Canton_Factories.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The_American_Garden.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/View_of_Canton_factories_2.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Canton_factories.jpg
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