The 1955–56 season was the 53rd season of competitive football in Belgium. RSC Anderlechtois won their 7th Division I title. This was also their third consecutive title, for the second time. RSC Anderlechtois also entered the first European Champion Clubs' Cup as Belgian champion. The Belgium national football team played 7 friendly games (2 wins, 1 draw, 4 losses). RRC Tournaisien won the Belgian Cup but after this season the competition was stopped due to the pressure of the top clubs in the vote to maintain or not the competition. The Belgian Cup would eventually resume in the 1963–64 season after the creation of the European Cup Winners' Cup.