In the United States, the calculus of negligence, also known as the Hand rule, Hand formula, or BPL formula, is a term coined by Judge Learned Hand which describes a process for determining whether a legal duty of care has been breached (see negligence). The original description of the calculus was in United States v. Carroll Towing Co., in which an improperly secured barge had drifted away from a pier and caused damage to several other boats.
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| - Calculus of negligence (en)
- 과실계산 (ko)
- Reguła Handa (pl)
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| - In the United States, the calculus of negligence, also known as the Hand rule, Hand formula, or BPL formula, is a term coined by Judge Learned Hand which describes a process for determining whether a legal duty of care has been breached (see negligence). The original description of the calculus was in United States v. Carroll Towing Co., in which an improperly secured barge had drifted away from a pier and caused damage to several other boats. (en)
- 과실계산(過失計算, calculus of negligence) 혹은 핸드 규칙은 핸드 판사에 의해 처음 도입된 영미법 상의 원칙이다. 핸드 판사의 공식이라고도 한다. 법적인 주의의무를 계산하기 위해 판례에서 처음 언급되었다. 핸드 판사는 상해를 입을 확률(P), 상해로 인한 총 피해액(L), 예방에 드는 비용(C)이라고 하고 총 피해액의 기대값이 예방에 드는 비용을 초과할 경우, 피고의 과실혐의가 인정된다하였다. 곧 PL>C 일 경우에 과실이 인정된다. (ko)
- Reguła Handa – została stworzona przez amerykańskiego sędziego na potrzeby sprawy Stany Zjednoczone przeciwko Carroll Towing Co. Stanowi, że sprawca szkody zawinił, jeżeli koszt krańcowy zachowanej przez niego ostrożności jest mniejszy niż wynikająca z tego krańcowa korzyść. (pl)
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| - In the United States, the calculus of negligence, also known as the Hand rule, Hand formula, or BPL formula, is a term coined by Judge Learned Hand which describes a process for determining whether a legal duty of care has been breached (see negligence). The original description of the calculus was in United States v. Carroll Towing Co., in which an improperly secured barge had drifted away from a pier and caused damage to several other boats. (en)
- 과실계산(過失計算, calculus of negligence) 혹은 핸드 규칙은 핸드 판사에 의해 처음 도입된 영미법 상의 원칙이다. 핸드 판사의 공식이라고도 한다. 법적인 주의의무를 계산하기 위해 판례에서 처음 언급되었다. 핸드 판사는 상해를 입을 확률(P), 상해로 인한 총 피해액(L), 예방에 드는 비용(C)이라고 하고 총 피해액의 기대값이 예방에 드는 비용을 초과할 경우, 피고의 과실혐의가 인정된다하였다. 곧 PL>C 일 경우에 과실이 인정된다. (ko)
- Reguła Handa – została stworzona przez amerykańskiego sędziego na potrzeby sprawy Stany Zjednoczone przeciwko Carroll Towing Co. Stanowi, że sprawca szkody zawinił, jeżeli koszt krańcowy zachowanej przez niego ostrożności jest mniejszy niż wynikająca z tego krańcowa korzyść. (pl)
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