Charles Chapman (June 21, 1799 – August 7, 1869) was an American lawyer and politician who served a term as a U.S. Representative from Connecticut. Born in Newtown, Connecticut, Chapman studied at the Litchfield Law School, where his father, Asa Chapman, had also studied. He was admitted to the bar in 1820 and commenced practice in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1827. He moved to Hartford in 1832 and became editor of the New England Review. He was an unsuccessful candidate for governor of Connecticut as a Temperance candidate in 1854.