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In linguistics, clusivity is a grammatical distinction between inclusive and exclusive first-person pronouns and verbal morphology, also called inclusive "we" and exclusive "we". Inclusive "we" specifically includes the addressee (that is, one of the words for "we" means "you and I and possibly others"), while exclusive "we" specifically excludes the addressee (that is, another word for "we" means "he/she/they and I, but not you"), regardless of who else may be involved. While imagining that this sort of distinction could be made in other persons (particularly the second) is straightforward, in fact the existence of second-person clusivity (you vs. you and them) in natural languages is controversial and not well attested. While clusivity is not a feature of standard English language, it is

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  • Inklusives und exklusives Wir (de)
  • Clusividad (es)
  • Clusivity (en)
  • Klusivitas (in)
  • Nous exclusif et inclusif (fr)
  • Noi inclusivo ed esclusivo (it)
  • Inclusividade (linguística) (pt)
  • 包含式 (zh)
rdfs:comment
  • Inklusives Wir und exklusives Wir bilden in vielen Sprachen der Welt eine grammatische Unterteilung der Mehrzahl der 1. Person. Hierbei wird unterschieden, ob die angesprochene Person (Adressat) eingeschlossen oder ausgeschlossen ist.Das inklusive Wir ist ein Pronomen, das den Sprecher, den Angesprochenen und möglicherweise dritte Personen bezeichnet. Im Gegensatz dazu schließt das exklusive Wir den Angesprochenen aus, dritte Personen jedoch ein.In den meisten europäischen Sprachen gibt es nur ein Pronomen für eine Gruppe, die den Sprecher einschließt. Dabei wird also nicht unterschieden, ob der Angesprochene eingeschlossen wird. (de)
  • Dalam linguistik, klusivitas adalah pembedaan antara pronomina (kata ganti) orang pertama inklusif "kita" dan eksklusif "kami". "Kita" menyertakan (inklusif), sedangkan "kami" mengecualikan kawan bicara (eksklusif). Tidak semua bahasa membedakan kata "kita" dan "kami". Pembedaan ini lazim ditemukan pada bahasa-bahasa Sinitik dan rumpun Austronesia, termasuk bahasa Indonesia, tetapi tidak pernah ditemukan pada bahasa-bahasa Eropa di luar Kaukasus, seperti bahasa Inggris (kata we dapat berarti "kita" maupun "kami") serta bahasa Belanda. (in)
  • Per noi inclusivo ed esclusivo si intendono due persone grammaticali distinte, allo scopo di includere o escludere chi sta ascoltando. (it)
  • 包含式（clusivity）在語言學上是指介於包容性與排除'的第一人稱代詞及动词之間的語法區分，亦稱為包容性的"我們"及排除性的"我們"。包容性的"我們"具體包括"談話的對象"（addressee）（即為、"我們"表示出"你和我"），而排除性的"我們"明確地排除"談話的對象"(即為、"我們"表示出"他/她/他們"及我，但不包括"你")，不管可能涉及任何其他人。同時想像這種區分卻可以在其他人稱(特別是第二人稱)直接表現出，事實上第二人稱包含式的存在(你、你們及他們)在自然語言是有爭議的，並沒有得到很好的證明。 第一人稱包含式在达罗毗荼语系、澳大利亚原住民语言，及南島語系中是一個共同的特點，而且還發現存在東亞、南亞、西南亞、美洲的語言，及在一些克里奧爾語裡。閩南語語法也有這種區別，分別用「咱」和「阮」兩個不同的代詞表示。一些非洲語言也有這種區別，比如富拉語。高加索以外的任何歐洲語系沒有這種語法的區分，但某些結構上可能在语义学上存有包含式或排除式等內涵。 (zh)
  • In linguistics, clusivity is a grammatical distinction between inclusive and exclusive first-person pronouns and verbal morphology, also called inclusive "we" and exclusive "we". Inclusive "we" specifically includes the addressee (that is, one of the words for "we" means "you and I and possibly others"), while exclusive "we" specifically excludes the addressee (that is, another word for "we" means "he/she/they and I, but not you"), regardless of who else may be involved. While imagining that this sort of distinction could be made in other persons (particularly the second) is straightforward, in fact the existence of second-person clusivity (you vs. you and them) in natural languages is controversial and not well attested. While clusivity is not a feature of standard English language, it is (en)
  • La clusividad o la distinción entre inclusividad y exclusividad es una diferenciación en el sistema pronominal de muchas lenguas del mundo por el cual la primera persona del plural ("nosotros") posee dos formas: una inclusiva y otra exclusiva, respecto al oyente. La forma inclusiva es el pronombre en primera persona plural que signífica ‘yo + tú + (posiblemente otros)’, mientras que la forma exclusiva es la primera persona plural que se compone de ‘yo + otro(s), pero no tú’. (es)
  • En linguistique, le nous inclusif est un pronom ou une conjugaison de verbe qui indique l’inclusion du locuteur, des auditeurs, et peut-être encore d’autres personnes. Le nous exclusif inclut le locuteur et une ou plusieurs autres personnes mais exclut l’auditoire. Par exemple, « Serrons-nous la main » est inclusif ; « Nous t'attendons » est exclusif. Diverses langues non européennes font cette distinction, qui est tout à fait fréquente aussi bien dans les langues d’Inde et d'Extrême-Orient que celles des Amériques, d'Australie et d'Océanie. (fr)
  • A inclusividade ou "clusividade" é a distinção pronominal presente em alguns idiomas, pela qual a primeira pessoa do plural apresenta duas formas: uma inclusiva na qual o ouvinte está incluído: nós = eu + tu + outro(s); uma dita exclusiva na qual o interlocutor não está incluído: nós = eu + outro(s), porém tu não. Em português, essa diferença se faz sentir entre os pronomes nós (inclusivo) e nós outros (exclusivo), e também entre nós (inclusivo) e a gente (exclusivo). (pt)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Inclusive-exclusive.jpg
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