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The four-frequency of a massless particle, such as a photon, is a four-vector defined by where is the photon's frequency and is a unit vector in the direction of the photon's motion. The four-frequency of a photon is always a future-pointing and null vector. An observer moving with four-velocity will observe a frequency Where is the Minkowski inner-product (+−−−) Closely related to the four-frequency is the four-wavevector defined by

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  • Four-frequency (en)
  • 四維頻率 (zh)
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  • 在電磁學裏,平面電磁波的四維頻率 以公式定義為 ; 其中, 是電磁波的頻率, 是朝著電磁波傳播方向的單位矢量。 四維頻率與自己的內積永遠等於零: 。 類似地,四維角頻率 以公式定義為 ; 其中, 是電磁波的角頻率。 顯然地, 。 四維波向量 與四維角頻率有密切的關係,定義為 ; 其中, 是電磁波的波向量。 在本篇文章裏,閔可夫斯基度規的形式被規定為 ,這是参考了(John D. Jackson)的著作《經典電動力學》中所採用的形式;並且使用了經典的張量代数以及愛因斯坦求和約定。 (zh)
  • The four-frequency of a massless particle, such as a photon, is a four-vector defined by where is the photon's frequency and is a unit vector in the direction of the photon's motion. The four-frequency of a photon is always a future-pointing and null vector. An observer moving with four-velocity will observe a frequency Where is the Minkowski inner-product (+−−−) Closely related to the four-frequency is the four-wavevector defined by (en)
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  • The four-frequency of a massless particle, such as a photon, is a four-vector defined by where is the photon's frequency and is a unit vector in the direction of the photon's motion. The four-frequency of a photon is always a future-pointing and null vector. An observer moving with four-velocity will observe a frequency Where is the Minkowski inner-product (+−−−) Closely related to the four-frequency is the four-wavevector defined by where , is the speed of light and and is the wavelength of the photon. The four-wavevector is more often used in practice than the four-frequency, but the two vectors are related (using ) by (en)
  • 在電磁學裏,平面電磁波的四維頻率 以公式定義為 ; 其中, 是電磁波的頻率, 是朝著電磁波傳播方向的單位矢量。 四維頻率與自己的內積永遠等於零: 。 類似地,四維角頻率 以公式定義為 ; 其中, 是電磁波的角頻率。 顯然地, 。 四維波向量 與四維角頻率有密切的關係,定義為 ; 其中, 是電磁波的波向量。 在本篇文章裏,閔可夫斯基度規的形式被規定為 ,這是参考了(John D. Jackson)的著作《經典電動力學》中所採用的形式;並且使用了經典的張量代数以及愛因斯坦求和約定。 (zh)
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