In the linguistic sub-fields of applied linguistics and pragmatics, a hedge is a word or phrase used in a sentence to express ambiguity, probability, caution, or indecisiveness about the remainder of the sentence, rather than full accuracy, certainty, confidence, or decisiveness. Hedges can also allow speakers and writers to introduce (or occasionally even eliminate) ambiguity in meaning and typicality as a category member. Hedging in category membership is used in reference to the prototype theory, to signify the extent to which items are typical or atypical members of different categories. Hedges might be used in writing, to downplay a harsh critique or a generalization, or in speaking, to lessen the impact of an utterance due to politeness constraints between a speaker and addressee.
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| - احتياط (لغة) (ar)
- Heckenausdruck (de)
- Hedge (linguistics) (en)
- 垣根表現 (ja)
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| - الاحتياط في اللغة هو الحفظ وفي الاصطلاح حفظ النفس عن الوقوع في المآثم. يقال احتاط الرجل أخذ في أموره بالأحزم، واحتاط الرجل لنفسه أي أخذ بالثقة. الاحتياط في اصطلاح أهل اللغة هو أن يؤتى في سياق الكلام بما يلطف معناه عند المخاطب. (ar)
- Ein Heckenausdruck (auch sprachliche Hecke, Übersetzung aus dem englischen „hedge“) ist eine gewöhnlich adverbiale oder adjektivische Sprachwendung, mit der der Sprecher eine Aussage darüber macht, in welchem Maße er bestimmte Dinge einer Kategorie zuordnet. (de)
- 垣根表現（英: hedge）とは、応用言語学と語用論（言語学の下位分野）において、発話を和らげるための表現。垣根表現によって話者・筆者は、分類の成員としての意味と典型性における曖昧さを導入または排除できる。 (ja)
- In the linguistic sub-fields of applied linguistics and pragmatics, a hedge is a word or phrase used in a sentence to express ambiguity, probability, caution, or indecisiveness about the remainder of the sentence, rather than full accuracy, certainty, confidence, or decisiveness. Hedges can also allow speakers and writers to introduce (or occasionally even eliminate) ambiguity in meaning and typicality as a category member. Hedging in category membership is used in reference to the prototype theory, to signify the extent to which items are typical or atypical members of different categories. Hedges might be used in writing, to downplay a harsh critique or a generalization, or in speaking, to lessen the impact of an utterance due to politeness constraints between a speaker and addressee. (en)
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| - الاحتياط في اللغة هو الحفظ وفي الاصطلاح حفظ النفس عن الوقوع في المآثم. يقال احتاط الرجل أخذ في أموره بالأحزم، واحتاط الرجل لنفسه أي أخذ بالثقة. الاحتياط في اصطلاح أهل اللغة هو أن يؤتى في سياق الكلام بما يلطف معناه عند المخاطب. (ar)
- Ein Heckenausdruck (auch sprachliche Hecke, Übersetzung aus dem englischen „hedge“) ist eine gewöhnlich adverbiale oder adjektivische Sprachwendung, mit der der Sprecher eine Aussage darüber macht, in welchem Maße er bestimmte Dinge einer Kategorie zuordnet. (de)
- In the linguistic sub-fields of applied linguistics and pragmatics, a hedge is a word or phrase used in a sentence to express ambiguity, probability, caution, or indecisiveness about the remainder of the sentence, rather than full accuracy, certainty, confidence, or decisiveness. Hedges can also allow speakers and writers to introduce (or occasionally even eliminate) ambiguity in meaning and typicality as a category member. Hedging in category membership is used in reference to the prototype theory, to signify the extent to which items are typical or atypical members of different categories. Hedges might be used in writing, to downplay a harsh critique or a generalization, or in speaking, to lessen the impact of an utterance due to politeness constraints between a speaker and addressee. Typically, hedges are adjectives or adverbs, but can also consist of clauses such as one use of tag questions. In some cases, a hedge could be regarded as a form of euphemism. Linguists consider hedges to be tools of epistemic modality; allowing speakers and writers to signal a level of caution in making an assertion. Hedges are also used to distinguish items into multiple categories, where items can be in a certain category to an extent. (en)
- 垣根表現（英: hedge）とは、応用言語学と語用論（言語学の下位分野）において、発話を和らげるための表現。垣根表現によって話者・筆者は、分類の成員としての意味と典型性における曖昧さを導入または排除できる。 (ja)
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