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Heitstrenging, also known as Hietstrenja, Heitstrengingar or Strengdir, was the Norse ritual of making solemn vows, particularly at Yule. The practice was eventually discarded when Christianity gained dominance in the region. The ritual is dedicated specifically to Freyr in the H manuscript of Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks. In the U manuscript it is also dedicated to Freyja though this is typically amended to Freyr.

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  • Heitstrenging (es)
  • Heitstrenging (en)
  • Heitstrenging (it)
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  • La pratica dell'Heitstrenging, nota anche come Hietstrenja, Heitstrengingar o Strengdir, era un rituale vichingo tramite il quale si facendo solenni giuramenti. (it)
  • Heitstrenging, also known as Hietstrenja, Heitstrengingar or Strengdir, was the Norse ritual of making solemn vows, particularly at Yule. The practice was eventually discarded when Christianity gained dominance in the region. The ritual is dedicated specifically to Freyr in the H manuscript of Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks. In the U manuscript it is also dedicated to Freyja though this is typically amended to Freyr. (en)
  • Heitstrenging, también Hietstrenja, Heitstrengingar o Strengdir, fue un ritual vikingo de juramento solemne que se usaba ampliamente en Escandinavia. Esta práctica surgió durante el periodo de paganismo nórdico, posiblemente de raíces persas, y desapareció con la introducción del Cristianismo en la región. Tradicionalmente los votos tenían lugar durante los blóts a Bragi, la deidad de los escaldos. El orador permanecía en pie y apoyaba un pie sobre una roca y pronunciaba su juramento: «Sobre está piedra solemnemente juro...» (es)
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  • Heitstrenging, también Hietstrenja, Heitstrengingar o Strengdir, fue un ritual vikingo de juramento solemne que se usaba ampliamente en Escandinavia. Esta práctica surgió durante el periodo de paganismo nórdico, posiblemente de raíces persas, y desapareció con la introducción del Cristianismo en la región. Tradicionalmente los votos tenían lugar durante los blóts a Bragi, la deidad de los escaldos. El orador permanecía en pie y apoyaba un pie sobre una roca y pronunciaba su juramento: «Sobre está piedra solemnemente juro...» Entonces el orador bebía de un bragafull, un cuerno especial para beber. A resaltar que debido al natural proceso del ritual, los votos se citaban cuando el orador estaba ebrio.​ Lo relatado era la fórmula típica del heitstrenging y había muchas variaciones. Algunos poemas islandeses citan el ceremonial y los oradores imponen sus manos sobre cuerpos de animales sacrificados.​ Los votos se consideraban como una forma de jactancia y estarían por lo general relacionados con el relato de alguna gran hazaña. El heitstrenging se solía celebrar hacia el Yule, pero ocasionalmente también en sacrificios, fiestas, bodas, simples banquetes, etc.​​ El incumplimiento de los votos comportaba un castigo, pero solían ser de corte disciplinario y casi siempre sin importancia significativa. (es)
  • Heitstrenging, also known as Hietstrenja, Heitstrengingar or Strengdir, was the Norse ritual of making solemn vows, particularly at Yule. The practice was eventually discarded when Christianity gained dominance in the region. The vows were traditionally made while laying hands on the bristles of the sonargöltr, the boar sacrificed at the blót on the evening of Yule Eve, and in association with the Bragafull or chieftain's toast. According to some sagas, the speaker would stand and first place his foot upon a stone or bench, prefacing his vow with the words "I mount on the block and solemnly swear...". The association with the sacrificial boar and the ritual toast gave the vows the force of an oath. However, due to the ritual process, they usually came after the speaker was drunk. They became a topos in the later sagas, often as a form of bragging and promising the performance of some great feat, and taking place not only at Yule but at other sacrificial feasts, weddings, arvals or just ordinary banquets. The vows were solemn and there were punishments for breaking them, but they were not always important. Harald Fairhair, the unifier of Norway, promised to not comb or cut his hair until he ruled the entire country. More often, though, they were regarded as a matter of great significance. In Jómsvíkinga saga, the compatriots of Sweyn Forkbeard vow to ravage Norway and kill Haakon Jarl, while making sure to rape Thorkill's daughter. The ritual is dedicated specifically to Freyr in the H manuscript of Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks. In the U manuscript it is also dedicated to Freyja though this is typically amended to Freyr. (en)
  • La pratica dell'Heitstrenging, nota anche come Hietstrenja, Heitstrengingar o Strengdir, era un rituale vichingo tramite il quale si facendo solenni giuramenti. (it)
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