About: Incorporation of the Bill of Rights

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In United States constitutional law, incorporation is the doctrine by which portions of the Bill of Rights have been made applicable to the states. When the Bill of Rights was ratified, the courts held that its protections extended only to the actions of the federal government and that the Bill of Rights did not place limitations on the authority of the state and local governments. However, the post–Civil War era, beginning in 1865 with the Thirteenth Amendment, which declared the abolition of slavery, gave rise to the incorporation of other amendments, applying more rights to the states and people over time. Gradually, various portions of the Bill of Rights have been held to be applicable to the state and local governments by incorporation through the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 and the

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rdf:type	Election
rdfs:label	دمج وثيقة الحقوق (ar) Incorporation of the Bill of Rights (en) Incorporation (Déclaration des droits) (fr) Incorporação da Carta dos Direitos (pt) 合併原則 (zh)
rdfs:comment	A Incorporação da Carta dos Direitos (em inglês: Incorporation of the Bill of Rights) é o processo pelo qual os direitos e garantias expressos na Carta dos Direitos (em inglês: Bill of Rights), as dez primeiras emendas à Constituição dos Estados Unidos, passaram a vincular também a atuação das autoridades dos Estados americanos, e não apenas da administração federal. O princípio da incorporação dos direitos na jurisprudência estadual também é chamado de doutrina da incorporação. (pt) 合併原則（Incorporation Doctrine），是一種美國憲法的原則，指透過美国宪法第十四修正案「正當法律程序」條款，將最初僅對聯邦有拘束力的《權利法案》內容，同樣對州產生拘束力的。 (zh) الدمج، في قانون الولايات المتحدة، هو المبدأ الذي بموجبه تُطبق أجزاء من وثيقة الحقوق على الولايات. عندما صودق على قانون الحقوق، رأت المحاكم أن الحماية الممنوحة لها تمتد فقط لتشمل إجراءات الحكومة الفيدرالية وأن وثيقة الحقوق لم تضع قيودًا على سلطة حكومات الولايات والحكومات المحلية. ومع ذلك، فإن حقبة ما بعد الحرب الأهلية، التي بدأت في عام 1865 بالتعديل الثالث عشر، الذي أعلن إلغاء العبودية، أدت إلى دمج تعديلات أخرى، وتطبيق المزيد من الحقوق على الولايات والشعب بمرور الوقت. تدريجيًا، اعتُبرت أجزاء مختلفة من وثيقة الحقوق قابلة للتطبيق على حكومات الولايات والحكومات المحلية من خلال الدمج من خلال التعديل الرابع عشر في عام 1868 والتعديل الخامس عشر في عام 1870. (ar) In United States constitutional law, incorporation is the doctrine by which portions of the Bill of Rights have been made applicable to the states. When the Bill of Rights was ratified, the courts held that its protections extended only to the actions of the federal government and that the Bill of Rights did not place limitations on the authority of the state and local governments. However, the post–Civil War era, beginning in 1865 with the Thirteenth Amendment, which declared the abolition of slavery, gave rise to the incorporation of other amendments, applying more rights to the states and people over time. Gradually, various portions of the Bill of Rights have been held to be applicable to the state and local governments by incorporation through the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 and the (en) L’« incorporation » de la Déclaration des Droits désigne, dans le droit des États-Unis, le processus graduel initié au vingtième siècle par lequel les juridictions américaines ont rendu applicables contre les États fédérés les droits contenus dans le Bill of Rights (la déclaration des droits américaine). (fr)
dct:subject	Legal history of the United States Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution Incorporation case law United States constitutional law
Wikipage page ID	1301909 (xsd:integer)
Wikipage revision ID	1113168628 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	Cantwell v. Connecticut Benjamin Cardozo Powell v. Alabama Roberts v. United States Jaycees Robinson v. California Rochin v. California State governments of the United States Privileges or Immunities Clause Barron v. Baltimore Baze v. Rees Benton v. Maryland Bill of Rights 1689 Bolling v. Sharpe De Jonge v. Oregon Hugo Black Hurtado v. California List of amendments to the United States Constitution United States Bill of Rights United States Constitution United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit United States constitutional law United States v. Cruikshank Vermont Double jeopardy Due Process Clause Due process Indictment Timbs v. Indiana Connecticut McDonald v. City of Chicago McKeiver v. Pennsylvania Ruth Bader Ginsburg Establishment Clause Civil rights Clarence Thomas Edwards v. South Carolina Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution Engblom v. Carey Freedom of speech Freedom of the press Gideon v. Wainwright Gitlow v. New York Grand jury Miranda v. Arizona NAACP v. Alabama Confrontation Clause Cruel and unusual punishment Equal Protection Clause Legal history of the United States Anti-Federalism Apodaca v. Oregon Magna Carta Malloy v. Hogan Slaughter-House Cases Slavery in the United States Stromberg v. California Eminent domain in the United States Chicago, B. & Q. R. Co. v. Chicago Popular sovereignty State constitution (United States) Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution Brown v. Board of Education Incorporation case law Twining v. New Jersey U.S. Supreme Court U.S. state Washington v. Texas West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette William Henry Moody William O. Douglas Williams v. Florida Local government in the United States Unenumerated rights Adamson v. California Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña Aguilar v. Texas American Civil War Duncan v. Louisiana Earl Warren Everson v. Board of Education Exclusionary rule Federal government of the United States

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