Maurice Lamontagne, PC FRSC (September 7, 1917 – June 12, 1983) was a Canadian economist and politician. Born in Mont-Joli, Quebec, he graduated from Université Laval with a master's degree in social science and Harvard University with a master's in economics. He was a professor of economics at Université Laval. In 1954, he became an assistant deputy minister in the Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources headed by Jean Lesage. In 1957, he joined the faculty of the University of Ottawa as a professor of economics. From 1958 to 1963, he served as an adviser to Lester Pearson.