About: Monetization of U.S. in-kind food aid

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Monetization of U.S. in-kind food aid is the sale of food commodities purchased in and shipped from the United States and sold for local currency in a recipient country by "cooperating sponsors", which are typically U.S.-based non-governmental organizations (NGOs) or recipient governments.

Attributes	Values
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rdfs:label	Monetization of U.S. in-kind food aid (en)
rdfs:comment	Monetization of U.S. in-kind food aid is the sale of food commodities purchased in and shipped from the United States and sold for local currency in a recipient country by "cooperating sponsors", which are typically U.S.-based non-governmental organizations (NGOs) or recipient governments. (en)
foaf:depiction
dcterms:subject	International relations United States foreign aid Aid
Wikipage page ID	31291003 (xsd:integer)
Wikipage revision ID	1115136622 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	Save the Children International relations United Nations USAID Government Accountability Office Operation Flood United States foreign aid Commodity management McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Program Catholic Relief Services Aid USDA Food Security Act of 1985 Food and Agriculture Organization Food for Peace Non-governmental organizations Food for Progress Program European Community Procurement Henry Bellmon TechnoServe WTO Michigan State University Office of Management and Budget World Food Programme Care International Public Law 480 2008 Farm Bill Food aid
Link from a Wikipage to an external page	http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41072.pdf http://www.eldis.org/vfile/upload/1/document/0708/DOC22202.pdf
sameAs	Monetization of U.S. in-kind food aid Monetization of U.S. in-kind food aid Monetization of U.S. in-kind food aid
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has abstract	Monetization of U.S. in-kind food aid is the sale of food commodities purchased in and shipped from the United States and sold for local currency in a recipient country by "cooperating sponsors", which are typically U.S.-based non-governmental organizations (NGOs) or recipient governments. In the case of the monetization of U.S. food aid, the U.S. provides food commodities for free or under favorable terms to a cooperating sponsor, which could be a recipient country's government or an NGO working there. The recipient organization sells the commodities to local processors or traders who turn around and sell the commodity on the market in raw or processed form. Proceeds from the sale to the processors or traders support technical assistance projects or public infrastructure investments in the same country, or in the case of third-party monetization, another country in the region. Money can also be used in “targeted monetization”, where the cooperating sponsor sells small quantities with the purpose of developing the market, reducing market volatility, or improving food access. According to a study by Barrett and Lentz, monetization in the United States is driven by the "iron triangle" of producers and processors, the U.S. shipping industry, and NGOs. Producers and processors supply almost all of the procurements of U.S. food aid through the USDA on behalf of USAID. Furthermore, U.S. law requires 75% of nonemergency food commodity tonnage be purchased, bagged, or processed, which provides U.S. companies with business. The law requires 50% of Title II grains to be bagged in the U.S. and 75% of U.S. food aid must ship on U.S. flag carrier vessels. Many NGOs also favor monetization because aid through monetization funds their programs. Monetization of food aid is controversial. Critics claim it carries the risks of other types of food aid, which include displacing imports and disruption of local markets. These issues have brought a number of objectors, including the WTO, U.S. commercial exporters, and recipient country producers and traders. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization also called for an end to monetization in The State of Food and Agriculture report in 2006, alleging monetized food aid represents over 30% of project food aid globally and is "often a dangerous way of destroying local farm prices." Additionally, monetization has been labeled “inefficient” by a number of analyses, including that of the Government Accountability Office (GAO). For these reasons, some NGOs, such as CARE, have decided to reduce or forgo monetization in the future. (en)
gold:hypernym	Sale
prov:wasDerivedFrom	wikipedia-en:Monetization_of_U.S._in-kind_food_aid?oldid=1115136622&ns=0
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foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf	wikipedia-en:Monetization_of_U.S._in-kind_food_aid
is Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage of	Monetization Aid Care International
is foaf:primaryTopic of	wikipedia-en:Monetization_of_U.S._in-kind_food_aid

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