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In the Mongol siege of Kaifeng from 1232 to 1233, the Mongol Empire captured Kaifeng, the capital of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty. The Mongol Empire and the Jin dynasty had been at war for nearly two decades, beginning in 1211 after the Jin dynasty refused the Mongol offer to submit as a vassal. Ögedei Khan sent two armies to besiege Kaifeng, one led by himself, and the other by his brother Tolui. Command of the forces, once they converged into a single army, was given to Subutai who led the siege. The Mongols arrived at the walls of Kaifeng on April 8, 1232.

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  • Siège de Kaifeng (fr)
  • 開封攻囲戦 (ja)
  • Mongol siege of Kaifeng (en)
  • 汴京保卫战 (zh)
rdfs:comment
  • In the Mongol siege of Kaifeng from 1232 to 1233, the Mongol Empire captured Kaifeng, the capital of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty. The Mongol Empire and the Jin dynasty had been at war for nearly two decades, beginning in 1211 after the Jin dynasty refused the Mongol offer to submit as a vassal. Ögedei Khan sent two armies to besiege Kaifeng, one led by himself, and the other by his brother Tolui. Command of the forces, once they converged into a single army, was given to Subutai who led the siege. The Mongols arrived at the walls of Kaifeng on April 8, 1232. (en)
  • Le siège de Kaifeng se déroule d'avril 1232 à février 1233 et aboutit à la prise de Kaifeng, capitale de la dynastie Jin, par l'Empire mongol. Lorsque le siège débute, la guerre entre les Jin et les Mongols dure depuis plus de vingt ans. Le khan mongol Ögödei envoie deux armées contre Kaifeng, qui convergent sous la direction du général Subötaï et mettent le siège devant la ville le 8 avril 1232. (fr)
  • 汴京保卫战或蒙古圍攻開封,是發生在1231年至1232年的戰役,蒙古軍包圍金朝的首都南京開封府(又稱汴京)。 從1211年開始,金國因拒絕作為蒙古的附庸國,與蒙古之間持續戰爭20多年。在1231年窩闊台汗派兩支軍隊圍攻開封,一個由他自己領導,另一個由他的兄弟拖雷指揮。一旦部隊集結成一支軍隊,軍隊的指揮權就交給了領導圍攻的速不台。蒙古人於1232年4月8日抵達開封。 圍攻剝奪了城市的資源,其居民被飢荒和疾病困擾。金兵用火器震天雷大炮防守,殺傷了許多蒙古軍。金國試圖安排一個和平條約,但蒙古使者唐庆等三十人因态度傲慢,被愤怒的金国飞虎军士兵申福、蔡元杀害,导致和谈破裂。 为了尽量动员人力,城中除朝廷官员以外的所有男丁必须参与守城,包括太学生。凡是发现有在家闲居的男性直接处死。开兴元年(1232年)四月八日前,金军每晚由学生提灯照明,士兵出城夜袭蒙军。灯灭者处死。天兴元年(1232年)十月,下诏城内所有人自留三个月的粮食,余粮全数上缴。至十二月,汴京粮尽,哀宗出城东征,留下完颜奴申、崔立等人留守。离开前对全城戍兵说:“社稷宗廟在此,汝等壯士也。” 1234年,金哀宗自殺,蔡州被攻佔,金朝滅亡。 (zh)
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  • Mongol siege of Kaifeng (en)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Djengiz_Khân_et_les_envoyés_chinois.jpeg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/YuanEmperorAlbumOgedeiPortrait.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bataille_entre_mongols_&_chinois_(1211).jpeg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Conquest_of_Jin.png
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