Judge Neilson Poe (August 11, 1809 - January 4, 1884) was an American judge for the City of Baltimore's orphan's court, (now referred to as a probate court). He was initially appointed to the court by Maryland Governor John Lee Carroll in 1878 and elected to the position in November 1879. He had the job until 1883. Neilson was a cousin of the poet, Edgar Allan Poe. His wife, Josephine E. Clemm was a half-sister of the poet's wife, Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe. However, Edgar once referred to Neilson as "the bitterest enemy he had in the world". The reason for this statement is unknown.