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Peer or Pir (Persian: پیر, lit. 'elder') is a title for a Sufi spiritual guide. They are also referred to as a Hazrat (from Arabic: حضرة, romanized: Haḍra) and Sheikh or Shaykh, which is literally the Arabic equivalent. The title is often translated into English as "saint." In Sufism a Pir's role is to guide and instruct his disciples on the Sufi path. This is often done by general lessons (called Suhbas) and individual guidance. Other words that refer to a Pir include Murshid (Arabic: مرشد, lit. 'guide, mentor') and Sarkar (Persian: سرکار, lit. 'master, lord').

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  • بير (ar)
  • Pir (Sufismus) (de)
  • Pīr (it)
  • Pir (Sufism) (en)
  • Pir (sufismo) (pt)
  • Пир (ислам) (ru)
  • Пір (іслам) (uk)
  • 皮爾 (稱謂) (zh)
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  • پير كلمة أعجمية تأتي بمعنى الرجل الطاعن في السن أو الشيخ. اصطلح أيضا في إطلاقها على كبار السن من أسرى الحرب، كما أطلق على شيخ طريقة. (ar)
  • Il pīr (in in persiano پیر‎, in italiano: vecchio) è la guida o il maestro nel Sufismo. Il sostantivo equivale perfettamente a sceicco (in arabo shaykh). In entrambi i casi sottolinea l'esperienza vissuta del maestro, cui si rivolge il murīd (in arabo: ﻣﺮﻳﺪ‎, discepolo ) o tālib (in arabo: ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‎, apprendista) nel suo lungo cammino ascetico, che esige un'adeguata conduzione In ambito turco, seguendo la medesima logica, si usa invece spesso il sostantivo dede, che significa "nonno", che tuttavia è impiegato di preferenza per indicare il capo religioso e spirituale dell'Alevismo. (it)
  • Пир (перс. پیر‎ — «старец») — в суфизме шейх, руководитель тариката (братства), святой, а также могила, где он похоронен. (ru)
  • Пір (перс. پیر‎ — «старець») — у суфізмі керівник тариката (братства), святий, а також могила, де поховано піра. (uk)
  • 皮爾,在波斯語解老人、長老,是伊斯蘭教蘇非派的大師或精神導師的頭銜。它們在阿拉伯語也被稱為哈茲拉特或謝赫。 在蘇菲主義中,皮爾的角色是引導和指導他的門徒成為蘇菲。這通常通過一般課程(稱為Suhbas)和個人指導來完成。蘇菲主義的道路開始於一名學生宣誓效忠一位名為Bai'ath或Bay'ah的老師(阿拉伯語單詞意為“交易”),他宣誓效忠於他的皮爾和懺悔他以前的所有罪過。之後,該學生被稱為穆里德(阿拉伯語單詞意為承諾)。從這裡開始他的學習旅程。 皮爾通常擁有授權成為一個(或多個)塔里卡的教師。皮爾是通過繼承獲得地位,他可以擁有多個khalifah(代理人)。伊斯瑪儀派尼札里支也使用了皮爾一詞,他的傳教士過去曾使用過皮爾這個稱號。目前阿迦汗四世也是伊斯瑪儀派尼札里支的皮爾。 (zh)
  • Pīr (persisch پير, ‚alter, weiser Mann‘) ist im türkisch-, kurdisch- und persischsprachigen Raum der ehrenvolle Titel eines spirituellen Meisters im Sufismus. Das Verbreitungsgebiet des Titels reicht vom Balkan, Anatolien, dem Iranischen Hochland, dem südlichen Zentralasien einschließlich des Pamir-Gebirges bis nach Südindien. Als Pīr angesprochene Sufi-Missionare erreichten auch Südafrika. Bei den Jesiden wird zwischen Scheich und Pīr unterschieden, denn Scheiche und Pīre bilden im religiösen Klassensystem der Jesiden, das erblich an Familien gebunden ist, zwei verschiedene Klassen. (de)
  • Peer or Pir (Persian: پیر, lit. 'elder') is a title for a Sufi spiritual guide. They are also referred to as a Hazrat (from Arabic: حضرة, romanized: Haḍra) and Sheikh or Shaykh, which is literally the Arabic equivalent. The title is often translated into English as "saint." In Sufism a Pir's role is to guide and instruct his disciples on the Sufi path. This is often done by general lessons (called Suhbas) and individual guidance. Other words that refer to a Pir include Murshid (Arabic: مرشد, lit. 'guide, mentor') and Sarkar (Persian: سرکار, lit. 'master, lord'). (en)
  • Pir (em farsi: پیر‎‎ significa "ancião") é um título dum mestre sufi ou guia espiritual. Também são chamados Hazrat ou Xeque, o qual é a palavra árabe para ancião. No sufismo o papel do Pir é o de guiar e instruir os seus discípulos no caminho sufi. Isto é feito geralmente por lições (chamadas Suhbas) e aconselhamento individual. Outras palavras para referir-se a um Pir são Murxide (em árabe: مرشد, lit. 'guia, professor') e Sarcar (palavra persa que significa mestre). No alevismo, os Pires são considerados descendentes directos de Ali. (pt)
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  • پير كلمة أعجمية تأتي بمعنى الرجل الطاعن في السن أو الشيخ. اصطلح أيضا في إطلاقها على كبار السن من أسرى الحرب، كما أطلق على شيخ طريقة. (ar)
  • Pīr (persisch پير, ‚alter, weiser Mann‘) ist im türkisch-, kurdisch- und persischsprachigen Raum der ehrenvolle Titel eines spirituellen Meisters im Sufismus. Das Verbreitungsgebiet des Titels reicht vom Balkan, Anatolien, dem Iranischen Hochland, dem südlichen Zentralasien einschließlich des Pamir-Gebirges bis nach Südindien. Als Pīr angesprochene Sufi-Missionare erreichten auch Südafrika. Ein Pīr kann der Gründer eines Sufi-Ordens (Tariqa) sein, der häufig postum als Schutzheiliger angesehen wird. Der persische Titel entspricht im Arabischen dem Scheich und unter anderem im Türkischen dem Baba. Regional werden Pīr und Murschid (Lehrer der Murīden) gleichgesetzt oder voneinander unterschieden. In Pakistan kann zwischen dem Murschid als dem spirituellen Lehrer und dem Pīr als einem verehrten Heiligen unterschieden werden. Ein anderes Wort für den heiligen Pīr ist Wali. In der islamischen Volksreligion in Bangladesch wird der heilige Satya Pir verehrt. Ein anderer Heiliger in Bangladesch, der von Muslimen und Hindus gleichermaßen verehrt wird, ist Manik Pir. Die Anfänge dieses Kults liegen vermutlich im 15./16. Jahrhundert. Wandernde Straßensänger glorifizieren ihn in Volksliedern (manik pirer gan). Pīrs waren ein wesentlicher Faktor bei der Islamisierung Bengalens im 18./19. Jahrhundert. Bei den Jesiden wird zwischen Scheich und Pīr unterschieden, denn Scheiche und Pīre bilden im religiösen Klassensystem der Jesiden, das erblich an Familien gebunden ist, zwei verschiedene Klassen. (de)
  • Peer or Pir (Persian: پیر, lit. 'elder') is a title for a Sufi spiritual guide. They are also referred to as a Hazrat (from Arabic: حضرة, romanized: Haḍra) and Sheikh or Shaykh, which is literally the Arabic equivalent. The title is often translated into English as "saint." In Sufism a Pir's role is to guide and instruct his disciples on the Sufi path. This is often done by general lessons (called Suhbas) and individual guidance. Other words that refer to a Pir include Murshid (Arabic: مرشد, lit. 'guide, mentor') and Sarkar (Persian: سرکار, lit. 'master, lord'). The title Peer Baba (from Persian: بابا, lit. 'father') is common in the Indian subcontinent used as a salutation to Sufi masters or similarly honored persons. After their death, people visit their tombs or mausolea, referred to as dargah or maqbara. The path of Sufism starts when a student takes an oath of allegiance with a teacher called Bai'at or Bay'ah (Arabic word meaning "transaction") where he swears allegiance at the hands of his Pir and repents of all his previous sins. After that, the student is called a Murid (Arabic word meaning committed one). From here, his batin (esoteric) journey starts. A Pir usually has authorizations to be a teacher for one (or more) tariqahs. A tariqah may have more than one Pir at a time. A Pir is accorded that status by his Sheikh by way of Khilafat or Khilafah (Arabic word meaning "succession"), a process in which the Pir identifies one of his disciples as his successor, which may be more than one. (en)
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