Quinine Cartel was a cartel regarding price and territory of producers of quinine and quinidine. There were two separate cartels with different members each time. From the first isolation of quinine as an API in the year 1792 until the year 1947 it remained the only effective medicine against Malaria until Chloroquine (a comparable but synthetic API) and other drugs in adequate amounts entered the pharma market. Triggers of the cartels were the long cycles of over 10 years from planting until harvest of a tree and very volatile prices at auctions at the Amsterdam Stock Exchange. Among other things, the main objective was to prevented that unprofitable plantations of cinchona were replaced by other crops such as tea or coffee. In the long term, those land areas would no longer be available
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| - Chininkartell (de)
- Quinine cartel (en)
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| - Chininkartell steht für Preis- und Gebietsabsprachen zwischen Herstellern von Chinin. Es gab zwei verschiedene Kartelle in unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung und Ausprägung. Chinin war seit der Erstisolierung des Wirkstoffes im Jahr 1792 bis in das Jahr 1947 das einzige wirksame Malariamittel bis Chloroquin (ein vergleichbares aber synthetisches Präparat) und andere Mittel in ausreichender Menge zur Verfügung standen. Auslöser waren unter anderem die Zykluszeiten von über 10 Jahren bis zur Ernte eines Chinarindenbaumes und sehr volatile Cinchonarindenpreise bei Auktionen an der Amsterdamer Börse. Es sollte unter anderem verhindert werden, dass unprofitable Plantagen durch andere Feldfrüchte wie Tee oder Kaffee ersetzt werden. Diese Flächen hätten langfristig nicht mehr für den Chinarindenan (de)
- Quinine Cartel was a cartel regarding price and territory of producers of quinine and quinidine. There were two separate cartels with different members each time. From the first isolation of quinine as an API in the year 1792 until the year 1947 it remained the only effective medicine against Malaria until Chloroquine (a comparable but synthetic API) and other drugs in adequate amounts entered the pharma market. Triggers of the cartels were the long cycles of over 10 years from planting until harvest of a tree and very volatile prices at auctions at the Amsterdam Stock Exchange. Among other things, the main objective was to prevented that unprofitable plantations of cinchona were replaced by other crops such as tea or coffee. In the long term, those land areas would no longer be available (en)
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| - Chininkartell steht für Preis- und Gebietsabsprachen zwischen Herstellern von Chinin. Es gab zwei verschiedene Kartelle in unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung und Ausprägung. Chinin war seit der Erstisolierung des Wirkstoffes im Jahr 1792 bis in das Jahr 1947 das einzige wirksame Malariamittel bis Chloroquin (ein vergleichbares aber synthetisches Präparat) und andere Mittel in ausreichender Menge zur Verfügung standen. Auslöser waren unter anderem die Zykluszeiten von über 10 Jahren bis zur Ernte eines Chinarindenbaumes und sehr volatile Cinchonarindenpreise bei Auktionen an der Amsterdamer Börse. Es sollte unter anderem verhindert werden, dass unprofitable Plantagen durch andere Feldfrüchte wie Tee oder Kaffee ersetzt werden. Diese Flächen hätten langfristig nicht mehr für den Chinarindenanbau zur Verfügung gestanden, wenn die Nachfrage nach Chinin wieder angestiegen wäre. (de)
- Quinine Cartel was a cartel regarding price and territory of producers of quinine and quinidine. There were two separate cartels with different members each time. From the first isolation of quinine as an API in the year 1792 until the year 1947 it remained the only effective medicine against Malaria until Chloroquine (a comparable but synthetic API) and other drugs in adequate amounts entered the pharma market. Triggers of the cartels were the long cycles of over 10 years from planting until harvest of a tree and very volatile prices at auctions at the Amsterdam Stock Exchange. Among other things, the main objective was to prevented that unprofitable plantations of cinchona were replaced by other crops such as tea or coffee. In the long term, those land areas would no longer be available for cultivating cinchona bark if the demand for quinine would suddenly rise again. (en)
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