Richard Burnham Lanman is an American biotechnology entrepreneur, physician scientist, and naturalist. His contributions relate to improving diagnosis and utilization of less invasive medical procedures, most recently as Global Chief Medical Officer at Guardant Health, Inc., a precision oncology company that developed a blood test replacing invasive tissue biopsies to sequence tumor DNA and improve cancer treatment selection. Lanman has worked in five different medical specialties, oncology, cardiology, endocrinology, pulmonology, and psychiatry, as well as historical ecology, and has authored or co-authored over 125 peer-reviewed scientific publications.