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Semantic primes or semantic primitives are a set of semantic concepts that are argued to be innately understood by all people but impossible to express in simpler terms. They represent words or phrases that are learned through practice but cannot be defined concretely. For example, although the meaning of "touching" is readily understood, a dictionary might define "touch" as "to make contact" and "contact" as "touching", providing no information if neither of these words is understood. The concept of universal semantic primes was largely introduced by Anna Wierzbicka's book, Semantics: Primes and Universals.

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  • Semantisches Primitivum (de)
  • Semantische primitieven (nl)
  • Semantic primes (en)
  • 語義元 (zh)
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  • Der Begriff Semantische Primitiva ist ein linguistischer Ausdruck, der ein semantisches Phänomen der sprachtypologischen bzw. kontrastiven Linguistik behandelt. Es handelt sich dabei um empirisch belegte, universelle sprachliche Konzepte. (de)
  • Semantic primes or semantic primitives are a set of semantic concepts that are argued to be innately understood by all people but impossible to express in simpler terms. They represent words or phrases that are learned through practice but cannot be defined concretely. For example, although the meaning of "touching" is readily understood, a dictionary might define "touch" as "to make contact" and "contact" as "touching", providing no information if neither of these words is understood. The concept of universal semantic primes was largely introduced by Anna Wierzbicka's book, Semantics: Primes and Universals. (en)
  • 语義元,或稱語義素,是在先天上能夠直接理解而無法以更簡化的用詞來表述的一組语義的概念。語義元能夠表述透過後天習得,但不能被具體定義的單詞或短語。 例如,英語 "touch" 最直接的含義就是「觸摸」,僅管字典可能會將 "touch" 定義為 "to contact, to make contact"「接觸,使接觸」,但這一組詞若不是直接理解,它們就不帶有任何訊息(即無法再以其他詞語解釋)。「普遍語義元」這個概念主要在《語義:語義素和普遍性》一書中引入。 (zh)
  • Semantische primitieven vormen de basisvoorraad van aangeboren begrippen, die men zich onbewust eigen maakt en in woorden omzet. Volgens de theorie hoeven zij niet door middel van andere woorden gedefinieerd te worden: dit zou tot cirkeldefinities leiden. We kunnen met de primitieven wél andere woorden definiëren. Omdat het mogelijk is om elk begrip in een taal te omschrijven aan de hand van semantische primitieven, volstaat het in principe om deze primitieven van een taal te leren om zich erin uit te kunnen drukken. De formuleringen kunnen natuurlijk wel zeer omslachtig worden. (nl)
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  • Der Begriff Semantische Primitiva ist ein linguistischer Ausdruck, der ein semantisches Phänomen der sprachtypologischen bzw. kontrastiven Linguistik behandelt. Es handelt sich dabei um empirisch belegte, universelle sprachliche Konzepte. (de)
  • Semantic primes or semantic primitives are a set of semantic concepts that are argued to be innately understood by all people but impossible to express in simpler terms. They represent words or phrases that are learned through practice but cannot be defined concretely. For example, although the meaning of "touching" is readily understood, a dictionary might define "touch" as "to make contact" and "contact" as "touching", providing no information if neither of these words is understood. The concept of universal semantic primes was largely introduced by Anna Wierzbicka's book, Semantics: Primes and Universals. (en)
  • Semantische primitieven vormen de basisvoorraad van aangeboren begrippen, die men zich onbewust eigen maakt en in woorden omzet. Volgens de theorie hoeven zij niet door middel van andere woorden gedefinieerd te worden: dit zou tot cirkeldefinities leiden. We kunnen met de primitieven wél andere woorden definiëren. Omdat het mogelijk is om elk begrip in een taal te omschrijven aan de hand van semantische primitieven, volstaat het in principe om deze primitieven van een taal te leren om zich erin uit te kunnen drukken. De formuleringen kunnen natuurlijk wel zeer omslachtig worden. De taalkundige Anna Wierzbicka heeft veel onderzoek verricht en gepubliceerd op het gebied van semantische primitieven. (nl)
  • 语義元,或稱語義素,是在先天上能夠直接理解而無法以更簡化的用詞來表述的一組语義的概念。語義元能夠表述透過後天習得,但不能被具體定義的單詞或短語。 例如,英語 "touch" 最直接的含義就是「觸摸」,僅管字典可能會將 "touch" 定義為 "to contact, to make contact"「接觸,使接觸」,但這一組詞若不是直接理解,它們就不帶有任何訊息(即無法再以其他詞語解釋)。「普遍語義元」這個概念主要在《語義:語義素和普遍性》一書中引入。 (zh)
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