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In formal syntax, tough movement refers to sentences in which the syntactic subject of the main verb is logically the object of an embedded non-finite verb. Because the object of the lower verb is absent, such sentences are also sometimes called "missing object constructions". The term tough movement reflects the fact that the prototypical example sentences in English involve the word tough.

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  • Tough構文 (ja)
  • Tough movement (en)
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  • In formal syntax, tough movement refers to sentences in which the syntactic subject of the main verb is logically the object of an embedded non-finite verb. Because the object of the lower verb is absent, such sentences are also sometimes called "missing object constructions". The term tough movement reflects the fact that the prototypical example sentences in English involve the word tough. (en)
  • 英語の形式的統語論において、tough構文 (英語: tough movement) 、あるいは複合形容詞句構造(英語: complex adjectival constructions) とは、(英語: retroactive infinitive)とよばれる不定詞用法の内の一つであり、次に示す例文のように主節の動詞の構造上の主語が、論理的には従属節の不定詞の目的語となっている構文を指す。 This problem is tough to solve.(この問題を解くのは困難だ) 基本的には難易度あるいは感情、価値判断を示す形容詞の後に不定詞が続く形で表現される。 (ja)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tough_Movement_Object-to-Subject_Raising_X-bar.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tough_movement_structure.png
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  • In formal syntax, tough movement refers to sentences in which the syntactic subject of the main verb is logically the object of an embedded non-finite verb. Because the object of the lower verb is absent, such sentences are also sometimes called "missing object constructions". The term tough movement reflects the fact that the prototypical example sentences in English involve the word tough. (en)
  • 英語の形式的統語論において、tough構文 (英語: tough movement) 、あるいは複合形容詞句構造(英語: complex adjectival constructions) とは、(英語: retroactive infinitive)とよばれる不定詞用法の内の一つであり、次に示す例文のように主節の動詞の構造上の主語が、論理的には従属節の不定詞の目的語となっている構文を指す。 This problem is tough to solve.(この問題を解くのは困難だ) 基本的には難易度あるいは感情、価値判断を示す形容詞の後に不定詞が続く形で表現される。 (ja)
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