Antônio Gonçalves de Oliveira (27 November 1844 - 4 July 1878) - in religious Vital María from Pernambuco - was a Brazilian Roman Catholic prelate who served as the Bishop of Olinda from 1871 until his death and was a professed member from the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. He was imprisoned from 1874 until 1875 during the crisis ensuring from the Religious Question after his bold condemnations and actions against Freemasons who came into direct conflict with him. The bishop was a vocal critic of Masonic influence in ecclesial affairs and attempted to have fraternities expel members who were Masonic; an imperial review found that he was risking a severe breach of the constitution which served as the motivator for his arrest and subsequent imprisonment.