The War Crimes Act 1991 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It confers jurisdiction on courts in the United Kingdom to try people for war crimes committed in Nazi Germany or German-occupied territory during the Second World War by people who were not British citizens at the time, but have since become British citizens or residents. The legislation was enacted since there were no provisions to allow the extradition of British residents or naturalised citizens to face trial for war crimes in third countries at the time. Other countries, such as the United States, have used civil rather than criminal proceedings to resolve this issue by revoking citizenship of suspects, therefore facilitating their deportation.
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| - War Crimes Act 1991 (en)
- Акт о военных преступлениях (1991) (ru)
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| - The War Crimes Act 1991 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It confers jurisdiction on courts in the United Kingdom to try people for war crimes committed in Nazi Germany or German-occupied territory during the Second World War by people who were not British citizens at the time, but have since become British citizens or residents. The legislation was enacted since there were no provisions to allow the extradition of British residents or naturalised citizens to face trial for war crimes in third countries at the time. Other countries, such as the United States, have used civil rather than criminal proceedings to resolve this issue by revoking citizenship of suspects, therefore facilitating their deportation. (en)
- Акт о военных преступлениях 1991 года (англ. War Crimes Act 1991) — акт Парламента Великобритании, позволяющий привлекать к уголовной ответственности натурализовавшихся подданных Великобритании, которые в годы Второй мировой войны сотрудничали с нацистами и совершали военные преступления. Акт был предложен в связи с тем, что в Великобритании, в отличие от США, не было законодательных мер по экстрадиции резидентов или натурализовавшихся подданных в страны, где им предъявлялись обвинения. (ru)
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| - An Act to confer jurisdiction on United Kingdom courts in respect of certain grave violations of the laws and customs of war committed in German-held territory during the Second World War; and for connected purposes. (en)
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| - The War Crimes Act 1991 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It confers jurisdiction on courts in the United Kingdom to try people for war crimes committed in Nazi Germany or German-occupied territory during the Second World War by people who were not British citizens at the time, but have since become British citizens or residents. The legislation was enacted since there were no provisions to allow the extradition of British residents or naturalised citizens to face trial for war crimes in third countries at the time. Other countries, such as the United States, have used civil rather than criminal proceedings to resolve this issue by revoking citizenship of suspects, therefore facilitating their deportation. The Act was rejected by the House of Lords, and so it was passed with the authority of only the House of Commons under the provisions of the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949. The Parliament Acts are rarely invoked: the War Crimes Act was only the fourth statute since 1911 enacted under their provisions, and the first since the Parliament Act 1949. The War Crimes Act remains the only time that the Parliament Acts were invoked by a Conservative government. To date only one person, Anthony Sawoniuk, has been convicted under the Act. In 1999, he was sentenced to life imprisonment for murder during his involvement with the collaborationist Belarusian Auxiliary Police. He died in jail in 2005. The first person to be charged, however, was fellow Belarusian officer, Szymon Serafinowicz Sr.. His trial commenced in 1997 for the murder of three unnamed Jews committed as during his role as Police chief in Mir. At this stage, he was in the advanced stages of dementia and was declared medically unfit. He died later that year. (en)
- Акт о военных преступлениях 1991 года (англ. War Crimes Act 1991) — акт Парламента Великобритании, позволяющий привлекать к уголовной ответственности натурализовавшихся подданных Великобритании, которые в годы Второй мировой войны сотрудничали с нацистами и совершали военные преступления. Акт был предложен в связи с тем, что в Великобритании, в отличие от США, не было законодательных мер по экстрадиции резидентов или натурализовавшихся подданных в страны, где им предъявлялись обвинения. Палата лордов отклонила акт, поэтому его приняли только благодаря полномочиям Палаты общин в соответствии с Парламентскими актами 1911 и 1949 годов. Это был четвёртый акт, принятый с момента принятия Парламентского акта 1911 года исключительно благодаря Палате общин, и первый с момента принятия Парламентского акта 1949 года. Инициатором акта была Консервативная партия. По этому акту обвинения впервые были предъявлены в 1997 году Семёну Серафиновичу-старшему, деду актёра Питера Серафиновича. Серафинович-старший был офицером белорусско-польского происхождения и обвинялся в том, что состоял в шуцманшафте и в белорусской деревне Мир убил трёх евреев. Однако по медицинским показаниям Серафинович оказался не в состоянии присутствовать в суде и в том же году скончался. Первым и единственным на текущий момент человеком, который был привлечён к уголовной ответственности, оказался Антон Савонюк, член Белорусской вспомогательной полиции, который был приговорён в 1999 году к пожизненному лишению свободы и умер в тюрьме в 2005 году. (ru)
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