William Black Anderson (April 2, 1830 – August 28, 1901) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois. Anderson was born April 2, 1830, in Mount Vernon, Illinois to Stinson Anderson who would serve as Lt. Governor of Illinois. He attended McKendree College and studied law. Despite being admitted to the bar, he never practiced law, instead pursuing agricultural work as a farmer and surveyor. He was elected Jefferson County Surveyor in 1851. He was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives in 1856 and 1858. He also passed the Illinois bar in 1858.