| rdfs:comment
| - 원화(源花)는 일반적으로 화랑의 전신으로 알려져 있다. 삼국 간 항쟁이 커지면서 진흥왕 37년(576년)에 청소년 단체를 개편해 원화를 만들었다. 범위는 3~400명이고, 원화의 장은 아름다운 처녀를 임명해 효도, 우애, 충성, 신의를 가르쳤다. (ko)
- 源花（朝鲜语 ：원화 ) ，也作原花，花郎制度下所设置的一种女性官职，盛行与朝鲜三国新罗王朝时期，在真兴王掌权时期设立，但人们至今无从得知源花对战事涉及到了什么程度。 (zh)
- Les Wonhwa (en hangul, 원화; en hanja, 源花; literalment, «flors originals») eren una classe de dones guerreres i de gran bellesa del regne de Silla del segle VI, un dels Tres Regnes de Corea, si bé la naturalesa exacta i les activitats de les Wonhwa són confuses i alguns erudits postulen que també podrien haver estat belleses de la cort o cortesanes. No obstant això, considerant que van ser entrenades en ètica, això pot ser una lectura patriarcal posterior a les pròpies Wonhwa. Les dones van exercir un paper social molt més prominent en la Corea pre-dinastia Joseon, especialment a Silla, que fou governat per tres reines en la seva història. (ca)
- The Wonhwa (original flowers) were a class of female warrior cadets in 6th-century Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. It is not clear to what extent they ever engaged in battle. Created in the reign of King Jinheung, the first group of Wonhwa consisted of about 300 young girls chosen for their beauty and skill. Their leaders were two women. However, after one of them committed murder, the wonhwa class was abolished, and replaced by the all-male Hwarang. Some have suggested that wonhwa might be the origin of the later kisaeng class, but little evidence exists to support this theory. (en)
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| has abstract
| - Les Wonhwa (en hangul, 원화; en hanja, 源花; literalment, «flors originals») eren una classe de dones guerreres i de gran bellesa del regne de Silla del segle VI, un dels Tres Regnes de Corea, si bé la naturalesa exacta i les activitats de les Wonhwa són confuses i alguns erudits postulen que també podrien haver estat belleses de la cort o cortesanes. No obstant això, considerant que van ser entrenades en ètica, això pot ser una lectura patriarcal posterior a les pròpies Wonhwa. Les dones van exercir un paper social molt més prominent en la Corea pre-dinastia Joseon, especialment a Silla, que fou governat per tres reines en la seva història. Aquest cos femení fou creat durant el regnat del rei Jinheung, i estava liderat per dues dones, Nammo (南毛) i Junjeong (俊貞), que tenien unes 300 O 400 seguidores escollides per la seva bellesa i habilitat, així com per atributs com la pietat fraternal i filial, lleialtat i sinceritat. Aquest no és l’úinic grup format per habilitats especials, però també basat en el seu aspecte (un grup ideal de guerrers) en el regne de Silla, ja que també trobam l'exemple dels Hwarang (o «Joves de Flor»), la versió masculina de les wonhwa: guerrers de gran bellesa i virtut que s’engalanaven amb robes elegants i l’ús de cosmètics. Segons la llegenda, entre Nammo i Junjeong sorgí una forta rivalitat que dugué a Junjeong a convidar a Nammo a una festa. Un cop allà la va fer beure una gran quantitat d’alcohol i, quan veié que es trobava molt èbria, la llançà al riu nord, causant-li la mort. Les seguidores del Nammo la cercaren i ii va fer una cançó perquè els nens la cantessin pels carrers. Un grup d'aquestes persones va trobar el cos de Nammo i Junjeong va ser executada. Després d’aquest assassinat, la classe wonhwa va ser abolida i substituïda pels Hwarang, totalment masculina. Posteriorment, es va concedir el títol de Wonhwa a les dones líders espirituals dels Hwarang. "El terme Won Hwa sovint s'utilitza incorrectament per representar un sol individu; de fet, Won Hwa era un grup de monges budistes molt venerades que guiaven espiritualment aquests guerrers monàstics budistes." (ca)
- 원화(源花)는 일반적으로 화랑의 전신으로 알려져 있다. 삼국 간 항쟁이 커지면서 진흥왕 37년(576년)에 청소년 단체를 개편해 원화를 만들었다. 범위는 3~400명이고, 원화의 장은 아름다운 처녀를 임명해 효도, 우애, 충성, 신의를 가르쳤다. (ko)
- The Wonhwa (original flowers) were a class of female warrior cadets in 6th-century Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. It is not clear to what extent they ever engaged in battle. Created in the reign of King Jinheung, the first group of Wonhwa consisted of about 300 young girls chosen for their beauty and skill. Their leaders were two women. However, after one of them committed murder, the wonhwa class was abolished, and replaced by the all-male Hwarang. Subsequently, the Wonhwa title was granted to female spiritual leaders of the Hwarang. "The term Won Hwa is often incorrectly used to represent a single individual; in fact, Won Hwa was a group of highly revered Buddhist nuns who spiritually guided these Buddhist monastic warriors." Some have suggested that wonhwa might be the origin of the later kisaeng class, but little evidence exists to support this theory. The first two women to be nominated for Wonhwa were the leaders of the two bands of Wonhwa, Nammo (南毛) and Junjeong (俊貞), who grew jealous of one another. When Junjeong murdered her rival, the Wonhwa were disbanded. The tale goes that Junjeong asked Nammo to her house and forced her to drink, killing Nammo at the north stream. The people of Nammo searched for the missing Nammo and made a song so that the children could sing it in the streets. A group of these people found Nammo's body and Junjeong was executed. This origin story is most likely based on myth and legend, as the term wonhwa is composed of won 源, "source", and undoubtedly refers to the founders of the sect, while hwa 花, "flower", is a euphemism for someone who has spent a great deal of time or money in the pursuit of something, i.e. a devotee. In the case of the Wonhwa, devotion to philosophy and the arts. Furthermore, while the names nammo and junjeong could have been appellations adopted by these two women for use in court, one cannot overlook the obvious descriptions they portray. Nammo hints at one who is careless yet lucky, or perhaps someone who is innately insightful and therefore lackadaisical about further erudition. Junjeung clearly indicates a person who is talented and virtuous, despite the fact that she was the one who succumbed to homicidal tendencies. It would be logical to assume that if someone had to work hard, maybe even struggle with attaining certain goals, that envy might consume them if their counterpart, especially if viewed more as a rival, seemed to reach the same objectives with substantially less effort. (en)
- 源花（朝鲜语 ：원화 ) ，也作原花，花郎制度下所设置的一种女性官职，盛行与朝鲜三国新罗王朝时期，在真兴王掌权时期设立，但人们至今无从得知源花对战事涉及到了什么程度。 (zh)
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