About: 1768 Petition, Memorial, and Remonstrance

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The constitutional history of opposition to taxation is sufficiently interesting to be abstracted from broader contexts. Key action occurred in the Colony of Virginia in the decade before 1776. A particular protest document, arguably the most eloquent and most effective among many colonial protests, merits special attention.

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rdf:type	Thing
rdfs:label	1768 Petition, Memorial, and Remonstrance (en)
rdfs:comment	The constitutional history of opposition to taxation is sufficiently interesting to be abstracted from broader contexts. Key action occurred in the Colony of Virginia in the decade before 1776. A particular protest document, arguably the most eloquent and most effective among many colonial protests, merits special attention. (en)
dcterms:subject	1768 documents 1768 in law 1768 in the Thirteen Colonies American political philosophy literature History of the Thirteen Colonies National human rights instruments United States documents
Wikipage page ID	43876285 (xsd:integer)
Wikipage revision ID	1076919601 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	Bill of Rights 1689 House of Burgesses Colony of Virginia Norborne Berkeley, 4th Baron Botetourt French and Indian War George William Fairfax Townshend Acts 1768 documents 1768 in law 1768 in the Thirteen Colonies American political philosophy literature History of the Thirteen Colonies National human rights instruments United States documents Treaty of Paris (1783) William Shirley Charter of Liberties and Privileges Massachusetts Circular Letter No taxation without representation Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst Grenville Ministry Seven Years' War American War for Independence
Link from a Wikipage to an external page	http://research.history.org/JDRLibrary/Special_Collections/SpecialCollectionsDocs/petition1.cfm http://research.history.org/JDRLibrary/Special_Collections/SpecialCollectionsDocs/memorial1.cfm http://research.history.org/JDRLibrary/Special_Collections/SpecialCollectionsDocs/memorial5.cfm http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1754-1790/member/hartley-david-1730-1813 https://web.archive.org/web/20090102183351/http:/http-server.carleton.ca/~pking/docs/440docs1.htm%239%239
sameAs	1768 Petition, Memorial, and Remonstrance 1768 Petition, Memorial, and Remonstrance 1768 Petition, Memorial, and Remonstrance
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has abstract	The constitutional history of opposition to taxation is sufficiently interesting to be abstracted from broader contexts. Key action occurred in the Colony of Virginia in the decade before 1776. A particular protest document, arguably the most eloquent and most effective among many colonial protests, merits special attention. A remarkable 1769 imprint, with parts called The Petition to His Majesty, The Memorial to the House of Lords, and The Remonstrance to the House of Commons, surfaced in a 1994 New York auction. This document, called "PMR" below, records a Virginia House of Burgesses April 1768 protest sent to the British Government by Acting Lt. Governor John Blair. This particular imprint had been owned by David Hartley, sometime Member of Parliament and a long-time friend of Benjamin Franklin. He probably received it from G.W. Fairfax, a George Washington friend, who returned to England in 1773. Hartley was the sole official British signatory of the 1783 Treaty of Paris formally ending the American Revolution. Hartley had long supported freedoms for all Englishmen, at home and in the colonies: freedoms sought in the PMR and later reflected in the Declaration of Independence. History texts say little about this Virginia protest or what British government thought of it; it elicited no formal response. However, in mid-1768, Virginia Governor General Sir Jeffrey Amherst was unceremoniously replaced by Lord Norborne Berkeley, Baron de Botetourt, who promptly came to Virginia, with a royal instruction "to reside constantly within the Colony" and to call for military aid if there was any "sudden commotion of the populace". Virginia had notified the other colonies of its PMR, seeking support for its positions. This letter, together with the Massachusetts Circular Letter, stimulated further protests. By December 69, all the American colonies had formally protested taxation called for by the Townshend Acts. (en)
prov:wasDerivedFrom	wikipedia-en:1768_Petition,_Memorial,_and_Remonstrance?oldid=1076919601&ns=0
page length (characters) of wiki page	10804 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf	wikipedia-en:1768_Petition,_Memorial,_and_Remonstrance
is Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage of	House of Burgesses No taxation without representation Grievances of the United States Declaration of Independence
is foaf:primaryTopic of	wikipedia-en:1768_Petition,_Memorial,_and_Remonstrance

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