The 2009–10 Fédérale 1 is the third level (behind the Top 14 and the Pro D2) and highest amateur level French rugby union competition, for the 2009–10 season. It is operated by the FFR. At the end of the previous season, champions Lannemezan and runners-up Aix-en-Provence were promoted to Rugby Pro D2 and were replaced by Bourg-en-Bresse and Béziers.