A. L. Bruce Estates was one of three largest owners of agricultural estates in colonial Nyasaland. Alexander Low Bruce, the son-in-law of David Livingstone, acquired a large estate at Magomero in the Shire Highlands of Nyasaland in 1893, together with two smaller ones. On his death, these estates were to operate as a trust to bring Christianity and Commerce to Central Africa. However his two sons later formed a commercial company which bought the estates from the trust. The company gained a reputation for the harsh exploitation and ill-treatment of its tenants under a labour system known by the African term "thangata", which operated in the plantation cultivation of cotton and tobacco. This exploitation was one of the causes of the 1915 uprising led by John Chilembwe, which resulted in the
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| - A. L. Bruce Estates (en)
- A. L. Bruce Estates (fr)
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| - A. L. Bruce Estates was one of three largest owners of agricultural estates in colonial Nyasaland. Alexander Low Bruce, the son-in-law of David Livingstone, acquired a large estate at Magomero in the Shire Highlands of Nyasaland in 1893, together with two smaller ones. On his death, these estates were to operate as a trust to bring Christianity and Commerce to Central Africa. However his two sons later formed a commercial company which bought the estates from the trust. The company gained a reputation for the harsh exploitation and ill-treatment of its tenants under a labour system known by the African term "thangata", which operated in the plantation cultivation of cotton and tobacco. This exploitation was one of the causes of the 1915 uprising led by John Chilembwe, which resulted in the (en)
- A. L. Bruce Estates est l'un des trois plus grands domaines agricoles du Nyassaland, actuel Malawi. Alexander Low Bruce, gendre de David Livingstone, acquiert un vaste domaine à Magomero, sur les hauts plateaux de la Shire, en 1893, ainsi que deux autres plus petits. À sa mort, les domaines sont exploités en fiducie sous le régime juridique du trust. Ses deux fils fondent ultérieurement une compagnie commerciale qui achète les domaines à la compagnie fiduciaire. (fr)
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| - A. L. Bruce Estates was one of three largest owners of agricultural estates in colonial Nyasaland. Alexander Low Bruce, the son-in-law of David Livingstone, acquired a large estate at Magomero in the Shire Highlands of Nyasaland in 1893, together with two smaller ones. On his death, these estates were to operate as a trust to bring Christianity and Commerce to Central Africa. However his two sons later formed a commercial company which bought the estates from the trust. The company gained a reputation for the harsh exploitation and ill-treatment of its tenants under a labour system known by the African term "thangata", which operated in the plantation cultivation of cotton and tobacco. This exploitation was one of the causes of the 1915 uprising led by John Chilembwe, which resulted in the deaths of three of the company's European employees. After the failure of its own cotton and tobacco plantations, the company forced its tenants to grow tobacco rather than food on their own land and significantly underpaid them. Following almost three decades of losses, the Magomero estate was in poor condition, but the company was able to sell it at a profit between 1949 and 1952 because the government needed land for resettlement of African former tenants evicted from private estates. The company was liquidated in 1959. (en)
- A. L. Bruce Estates est l'un des trois plus grands domaines agricoles du Nyassaland, actuel Malawi. Alexander Low Bruce, gendre de David Livingstone, acquiert un vaste domaine à Magomero, sur les hauts plateaux de la Shire, en 1893, ainsi que deux autres plus petits. À sa mort, les domaines sont exploités en fiducie sous le régime juridique du trust. Ses deux fils fondent ultérieurement une compagnie commerciale qui achète les domaines à la compagnie fiduciaire. La compagnie gagne une mauvaise réputation, accusée d'exploiter honteusement et de maltraiter ses employés en usant du dispositif appelé thangata pour cultiver le coton et le tabac. C'est une des causes du soulèvement de 1915, mené par John Chilembwe, qui conduit à la mort de trois employés européens du domaine. N'arrivant pas à rentabiliser ses propres plantations de coton et de tabac, la compagnie oblige ses locataires à cultiver le tabac plutôt que leur nourriture sur leurs propres terres ; les récoltes leur sont sous-payées. Après presque trois décennies de pertes le domaine de Magomero est mal en point mais, entre 1949 et 1952, la compagnie vend avec profit les actifs fonciers au gouvernement qui a besoin de terrains pour reloger les anciens locataires expulsés des domaines privés. La compagnie est liquidée en 1959. (fr)
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