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According to Islamic tradition, the Quran was revealed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad by the angel Gabriel (Jibril ) in seven ahruf (Arabic: أَحْرُف, romanized: aḥruf, sing. ḥarf), translated variously as "editions", "styles", "ways", "forms" and "modes". Although Muslim scholars differ on their exact nature, it is thought they constituted a degree of acceptable variation in the Quranic text. The standardisation of the Quranic rasm c. 650 CE and destruction of the mushafs by Rashidun caliph Uthman the extent to which the Uthmanic codex contains the seven ahruf has been a subject of debate. The ahruf are distinct from the ten qira'at, which are other variant readings of the Quran that were canonized later on and are still in use.

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  • أحرف سبعة (ar)
  • Ahruf (en)
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  • الأحرف السبعة بمفهومها العام في علم قراءات القرآن هي: عبارة عن التنوع اللفظي، والتعدد اللغوي، في الخصائص التي نزل بها القرآن من حيث أن جمع معظم اللغات العربية المتداولة في ذلك الوقت، فكان مشتملا على الألفاظ العربية باستعمالاتها المتعددة.. كما أن الكلمة الواحدة قد تكون متعددة الاستعمال باختلاف حروفها، فمثلا: إبراهيم؛ يقال فيه أيضا: ابراهام، وإبرهيم، وهكذا. فأحرف الهجاء العربية تبنى منها الكلمة، وتتعدد اللغات العربية في استعمال الكلمة الواحدة بالاختلاف في الحروف. فينطق الحرف تاما على أصله، أو ينطق ممزوجا بحرف آخر، أو بتقليل نطقه، أو بتغيير حركاته، أو غير ذلك، وهذا يجعل اللفظ الواحد متعدد اللغات. (ar)
  • According to Islamic tradition, the Quran was revealed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad by the angel Gabriel (Jibril ) in seven ahruf (Arabic: أَحْرُف, romanized: aḥruf, sing. ḥarf), translated variously as "editions", "styles", "ways", "forms" and "modes". Although Muslim scholars differ on their exact nature, it is thought they constituted a degree of acceptable variation in the Quranic text. The standardisation of the Quranic rasm c. 650 CE and destruction of the mushafs by Rashidun caliph Uthman the extent to which the Uthmanic codex contains the seven ahruf has been a subject of debate. The ahruf are distinct from the ten qira'at, which are other variant readings of the Quran that were canonized later on and are still in use. (en)
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