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The analogy of the sun (or simile of the sun or metaphor of the sun) is found in the sixth book of The Republic (507b–509c), written by the Greek philosopher Plato as a dialogue between his brother Glaucon and Socrates, and narrated by the latter. Upon being urged by Glaucon to define goodness, a cautious Socrates professes himself incapable of doing so. Instead he draws an analogy and offers to talk about "the child of goodness" (Greek: "ἔκγονός τε τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ"). Socrates reveals this "child of goodness" to be the sun, proposing that just as the sun illuminates, bestowing the ability to see and be seen by the eye, with its light, so the idea of goodness illumines the intelligible with truth. While the analogy sets forth both epistemological and ontological theories, it is debated whether t

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  • Sonnengleichnis (de)
  • Analogy of the sun (en)
  • 太陽の比喩 (ja)
  • Metáfora do sol (pt)
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  • 太陽の比喩（たいようのひゆ）とは、プラトンが『国家』第6巻の中で、善のイデアを説明するのに用いた比喩の1つ。 (ja)
  • The analogy of the sun (or simile of the sun or metaphor of the sun) is found in the sixth book of The Republic (507b–509c), written by the Greek philosopher Plato as a dialogue between his brother Glaucon and Socrates, and narrated by the latter. Upon being urged by Glaucon to define goodness, a cautious Socrates professes himself incapable of doing so. Instead he draws an analogy and offers to talk about "the child of goodness" (Greek: "ἔκγονός τε τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ"). Socrates reveals this "child of goodness" to be the sun, proposing that just as the sun illuminates, bestowing the ability to see and be seen by the eye, with its light, so the idea of goodness illumines the intelligible with truth. While the analogy sets forth both epistemological and ontological theories, it is debated whether t (en)
  • Das Sonnengleichnis ist ein bekanntes Gleichnis der antiken Philosophie. Es stammt von dem griechischen Philosophen Platon (428/427–348/347 v. Chr.), der es im sechsten Buch seines Dialogs Politeia von seinem Lehrer Sokrates erzählen lässt. Anschließend trägt Sokrates das Liniengleichnis vor, mit dem das sechste Buch endet. Am Anfang des siebten Buches folgt das Höhlengleichnis, das letzte der drei berühmten Gleichnisse in der Politeia. Alle drei Gleichnisse veranschaulichen Aussagen von Platons Ontologie und Erkenntnistheorie. (de)
  • Platão, no seu livro A República (507b-509c [parte VI]) , usa o sol como uma metáfora para a fonte da "iluminação", presumivelmente da iluminação intelectual, que argumentava ser a Forma do Bem, que por vezes é interpretada como a noção de deus para Platão. A metáfora é sobre a natureza da realidade última e sobre como o conhecimento é adquirido. Sócrates é o narrador de A República, mas é geralmente aceito que os pensamentos expressados são os de Platão. (pt)
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  • translated by W. H. D. Rouse (en)
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  • Well, what I'm saying is that it's goodness which gives the things we know their truth and makes it possible for people to have knowledge. It is responsible for knowledge and truth, you should think of it as being within the intelligible realm, but you shouldn't identify it with knowledge and truth, otherwise you'll be wrong: For all their value, it is even more valuable. In the other realm, it is right to regard light and sight as resembling the sun; So in this realm it is right to regard knowledge and truth as resembling goodness, but not to identify either of them with goodness, which should be rated even more highly. — The Republic VI (en)
  • The sun provides not only the power of being seen for things seen, but, as I think you will agree, also their generation and growth and nurture, although it is not itself generation... (en)
  • Understand then, that it is the same with the soul, thus: when it settles itself firmly in that region in which truth and real being brightly shine, it understands and knows it and appears to have reason; but when it has nothing to rest on but that which is mingled with darkness—that which becomes and perishes, it opines, it grows dim-sighted, changing opinions up and down, and is like something without reason. — The Republic VI (en)
  • Well, here's how you can think about the mind as well. When its object is something which is lit up by truth and reality, then it has—and obviously has—intelligent awareness and knowledge. However, when its object is permeated with darkness , then it has beliefs and is less effective, because its beliefs chop and change, and under these circumstances it comes across as devoid of intelligence. — The Republic VI (en)
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