Sir Arthur Frederick Peterson (12 October 1859 – 12 May 1922) was a leading barrister and an English High Court judge in the Chancery Division from 1915 to 1922. He was born in Melbourne, Australia, the son of William Peterson of Melby, Shetland Islands, a station owner in Victoria, Riverina and Queensland and principal of the well known Flinders Street firm. He was a cousin of Sir William Peterson, principal of McGill University.