Autohaemorrhaging, or reflex bleeding, is the action of animals deliberately ejecting blood from their bodies. Autohaemorrhaging has been observed as occurring in two variations. In the first form, blood is squirted toward a predator. The blood of these animals usually contains toxic compounds, making the behaviour an effective chemical defence mechanism. In the second form, blood is not squirted, but is slowly emitted from the animal's body. This form appears to serve a deterrent effect, and is used by animals whose blood does not seem to be toxic. Most animals that autohaemorrhage are insects, but some reptiles also display this behaviour.
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| - Reflexbluten (de)
- Autohemorragia (es)
- Autohaemorrhaging (en)
- Autohémorrhée (fr)
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| - Das Reflexbluten ist eine Verteidigungsmethode diverser Käferarten, unter anderem vieler Marienkäfer, Ölkäfer, Weichkäfer und anderer Insekten zur Abschreckung von Fressfeinden. Dabei sondern die Tiere – beim Marienkäfer aus Drüsen zwischen Tibia (Unterschenkel) und Femur (Oberschenkel) – rötliche oder gelblich-bräunliche Tropfen Hämolymphe ab, die toxisch sind oder unangenehm riechen und schmecken (sogenanntes Wehrsekret). Auf einen potenziellen Angreifer wirkt dies oft unmittelbar abschreckend. (de)
- L'autohémorrhée, appelée aussi saignée réflexe ou saignement réflexe, est l'éjection volontaire de sang ou d'hémolymphe par un animal. Il peut notamment s'agir d'un moyen naturel de défense, l'hémolymphe étant riche en alcaloïdes ou terpénoïdes (cantharidine) toxiques mais aussi en composés volatils (alkylméthoxypyrazines chez le Plécoptère (sv)) qui agissent comme signal d'alerte spécifique. (fr)
- Autohaemorrhaging, or reflex bleeding, is the action of animals deliberately ejecting blood from their bodies. Autohaemorrhaging has been observed as occurring in two variations. In the first form, blood is squirted toward a predator. The blood of these animals usually contains toxic compounds, making the behaviour an effective chemical defence mechanism. In the second form, blood is not squirted, but is slowly emitted from the animal's body. This form appears to serve a deterrent effect, and is used by animals whose blood does not seem to be toxic. Most animals that autohaemorrhage are insects, but some reptiles also display this behaviour. (en)
- La autohemorragia o hemorragia refleja es la acción intencional de algunos animales de exudar sangre o hemolinfa de sus cuerpos. Si la sangre del animal contiene compuestos químicos tóxicos, esta acción puede ser eficaz en repeler a depredadores. Ejemplos de animales capaces de autohemorragia: (es)
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| - Das Reflexbluten ist eine Verteidigungsmethode diverser Käferarten, unter anderem vieler Marienkäfer, Ölkäfer, Weichkäfer und anderer Insekten zur Abschreckung von Fressfeinden. Dabei sondern die Tiere – beim Marienkäfer aus Drüsen zwischen Tibia (Unterschenkel) und Femur (Oberschenkel) – rötliche oder gelblich-bräunliche Tropfen Hämolymphe ab, die toxisch sind oder unangenehm riechen und schmecken (sogenanntes Wehrsekret). Auf einen potenziellen Angreifer wirkt dies oft unmittelbar abschreckend. (de)
- Autohaemorrhaging, or reflex bleeding, is the action of animals deliberately ejecting blood from their bodies. Autohaemorrhaging has been observed as occurring in two variations. In the first form, blood is squirted toward a predator. The blood of these animals usually contains toxic compounds, making the behaviour an effective chemical defence mechanism. In the second form, blood is not squirted, but is slowly emitted from the animal's body. This form appears to serve a deterrent effect, and is used by animals whose blood does not seem to be toxic. Most animals that autohaemorrhage are insects, but some reptiles also display this behaviour. Some organisms have shown an ability to tailor their autohaemorrhaging response. Armoured crickets will projectile autohaemorrhage over longer distances when attacked from the side, compared to being attacked from an overhead predator. (en)
- La autohemorragia o hemorragia refleja es la acción intencional de algunos animales de exudar sangre o hemolinfa de sus cuerpos. Si la sangre del animal contiene compuestos químicos tóxicos, esta acción puede ser eficaz en repeler a depredadores. Ejemplos de animales capaces de autohemorragia:
* Escarabajos
* Meloidae – la hemolinfa contiene cantaridinas obtenida de sus plantas nutricias.
* Timarcha spp.
* Chrysomelidae – la hemolinfa contiene antraquinonas.
* Coccinellidae (mariquitas o chinitas) – tienen un alcaloide tóxico que vierten de sus articulaciones de las patas. El estímulo es el ataque de un depredador.
* Hemiptera
* Cercopoidea – incluyendo y .
* Hymenoptera
* Larvas de sínfitos
* Orthoptera
* Pyrgomorphidae, tales como , y – la hemolinfa almacena toxinas obtenidas de aus plantas de que se alimentan.
* Saltamontes longicornios incluyendo especies de
* Bradyporinae
*
* Plecoptera
* Ninfas de Plecoptera
* Lagartos frinosomátidos
* Lagartos cornudos – Por lo menos ocho especies pueden arrojar un chorro de sangre desde la comisura de los ojos hasta 1,5 metros.
* Serpientes
* Tropidophis, una serpiente venenosa que puede arrojar sangre desde la boca, narinas o de los ojos.
* Natrix natrix, culebra de collar, un colúbrido, que segrega sangre de la nariz y boca mientras aparenta estar muerta. (es)
- L'autohémorrhée, appelée aussi saignée réflexe ou saignement réflexe, est l'éjection volontaire de sang ou d'hémolymphe par un animal. Il peut notamment s'agir d'un moyen naturel de défense, l'hémolymphe étant riche en alcaloïdes ou terpénoïdes (cantharidine) toxiques mais aussi en composés volatils (alkylméthoxypyrazines chez le Plécoptère (sv)) qui agissent comme signal d'alerte spécifique. (fr)
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