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Barbiturate dependence develops with regular use of barbiturates. This in turn may lead to a need for increasing doses of the drug to get the original desired pharmacological or therapeutic effect. Barbiturate use can lead to both addiction and physical dependence, and as such they have a high potential for excess or non-medical use, however, it does not affect all users. Management of barbiturate dependence involves considering the affected person's age, comorbidity and the pharmacological pathways of barbiturates.

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rdf:type
rdfs:label
  • Barbiturate dependence (en)
  • Dipendenza da barbiturici (it)
  • バルビツール酸系依存症 (ja)
  • Барбитуризм (ru)
rdfs:comment
  • Барбитури́зм — болезненное пристрастие к лекарственным веществам из группы барбитуратов, форма наркомании. Согласно МКБ-10, барбитуризм относится к рубрике «психические и поведенческие расстройства, вызванные употреблением седативных или снотворных средств» (употребление с вредными последствиями или синдром зависимости). (ru)
  • Barbiturate dependence develops with regular use of barbiturates. This in turn may lead to a need for increasing doses of the drug to get the original desired pharmacological or therapeutic effect. Barbiturate use can lead to both addiction and physical dependence, and as such they have a high potential for excess or non-medical use, however, it does not affect all users. Management of barbiturate dependence involves considering the affected person's age, comorbidity and the pharmacological pathways of barbiturates. (en)
  • La dipendenza da barbiturici si sviluppa con l'uso regolare di barbiturici, che a sua volta può portare alla necessità di aumentare le dosi del farmaco per ottenere l'effetto farmacologico o terapeutico desiderato originale. L'uso di barbiturici può causare sia dipendenza, che dipendenza fisica, e come tali hanno un alto possibilità di abuso. La dipendenza psicologica da barbiturici può svilupparsi rapidamente. Il recettore GABA, uno dei principali siti di azione dei barbiturici, si pensa svolgere un ruolo fondamentale nello sviluppo di tolleranza e dipendenza da barbiturici. (it)
  • バルビツール酸系依存(バルビツールさんけいいそん、barbiturate dependence)は、バルビツール酸系の定期的使用によって生じる。このことは、ひいては当初の薬理あるいは治療効果を得るための必要な薬の用量の増加に通じる可能性がある。 バルビツール酸系薬の使用は、依存症および身体的依存の両方をもたらし、それ自体乱用の高い可能性を持つ。バルビツール酸系薬に対する精神的な依存は迅速に生じる。バルビツール酸系薬の主な作用部位の一つ、GABAA受容体は、バルビツール酸系における耐性の発現と依存、および、乱用の結果としての陶酔的な「ハイ」の中心的役割を担うと考えられている。 バルビツール酸系薬の耐性が生じる機序は、エタノールやベンゾジアゼピンとは異なると考えられているが、これらの薬物には互いに交差耐性が生じることが示されている。 薬物からの離脱の際には、危険な発作や振戦せん妄(DT)の兆候である頻脈、発汗、手の震えや不安の増加、精神運動性激越、吐き気や嘔吐、一過性の知覚障害の評価が必要である。 バルビツール酸系薬の身体的依存の管理は、用量漸減法の後に、長時間作用型のバルビツール酸のフェノバルビタールでの安定化である。ゆっくりなフェノバルビタールの排出は離脱症状の深刻度を減少させ、発作のような重篤なバルビツール酸の離脱症状の可能性を減少させる。 (ja)
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  • Barbiturate dependence (en)
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  • Barbiturate dependence (en)
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  • Barbiturate dependence develops with regular use of barbiturates. This in turn may lead to a need for increasing doses of the drug to get the original desired pharmacological or therapeutic effect. Barbiturate use can lead to both addiction and physical dependence, and as such they have a high potential for excess or non-medical use, however, it does not affect all users. Management of barbiturate dependence involves considering the affected person's age, comorbidity and the pharmacological pathways of barbiturates. Psychological addiction to barbiturates can develop quickly. The patients will then have a strong desire to take any barbiturate-like drug. The chronic use of barbiturates leads to moderate degradation of the personality with narrowing of interests, passivity and loss of volition. The somatic signs include hypomimia, problems articulating, weakening of reflexes, and ataxia. The GABAA receptor, one of barbiturates' main sites of action, is thought to play a pivotal role in the development of tolerance to and dependence on barbiturates, as well as the euphoric "high" that results from their use. The mechanism by which barbiturate tolerance develops is believed to be different from that of ethanol or benzodiazepines, even though these drugs have been shown to exhibit cross-tolerance with each other and poly drug administration of barbiturates and alcohol used to be common. The management of a physical dependence on barbiturates is stabilisation on the long-acting barbiturate phenobarbital followed by a gradual titration down of dose. People who use barbiturates tend to prefer rapid-acting barbiturates (amobarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital) rather than long-acting barbiturates (barbital, phenobarbital). The slowly eliminated phenobarbital lessens the severity of the withdrawal syndrome and reduces the chances of serious barbiturate withdrawal effects such as seizures. A cold turkey withdrawal can in some cases lead to death. Antipsychotics are not recommended for barbiturate withdrawal (or other CNS depressant withdrawal states) especially clozapine, olanzapine or low potency phenothiazines e.g. chlorpromazine as they lower the seizure threshold and can worsen withdrawal effects; if used extreme caution is required. The withdrawal symptoms after ending barbiturate consumption are quite severe and last from 4 to 7 days. (en)
  • バルビツール酸系依存(バルビツールさんけいいそん、barbiturate dependence)は、バルビツール酸系の定期的使用によって生じる。このことは、ひいては当初の薬理あるいは治療効果を得るための必要な薬の用量の増加に通じる可能性がある。 バルビツール酸系薬の使用は、依存症および身体的依存の両方をもたらし、それ自体乱用の高い可能性を持つ。バルビツール酸系薬に対する精神的な依存は迅速に生じる。バルビツール酸系薬の主な作用部位の一つ、GABAA受容体は、バルビツール酸系における耐性の発現と依存、および、乱用の結果としての陶酔的な「ハイ」の中心的役割を担うと考えられている。 バルビツール酸系薬の耐性が生じる機序は、エタノールやベンゾジアゼピンとは異なると考えられているが、これらの薬物には互いに交差耐性が生じることが示されている。 薬物からの離脱の際には、危険な発作や振戦せん妄(DT)の兆候である頻脈、発汗、手の震えや不安の増加、精神運動性激越、吐き気や嘔吐、一過性の知覚障害の評価が必要である。 バルビツール酸系薬の身体的依存の管理は、用量漸減法の後に、長時間作用型のバルビツール酸のフェノバルビタールでの安定化である。ゆっくりなフェノバルビタールの排出は離脱症状の深刻度を減少させ、発作のような重篤なバルビツール酸の離脱症状の可能性を減少させる。 バルビツール酸系薬の離脱のために抗精神病薬は推奨できず(あるいは離脱の状態でほかの中枢神経系抑制薬)、特にクロザピン、オランザピンあるいは、クロルプロマジンのような効果の弱いフェノチアジンは、発作閾値を低下させ離脱症状を悪化させる;用いられている場合、細心の注意が必要である。 (ja)
  • La dipendenza da barbiturici si sviluppa con l'uso regolare di barbiturici, che a sua volta può portare alla necessità di aumentare le dosi del farmaco per ottenere l'effetto farmacologico o terapeutico desiderato originale. L'uso di barbiturici può causare sia dipendenza, che dipendenza fisica, e come tali hanno un alto possibilità di abuso. La dipendenza psicologica da barbiturici può svilupparsi rapidamente. Il recettore GABA, uno dei principali siti di azione dei barbiturici, si pensa svolgere un ruolo fondamentale nello sviluppo di tolleranza e dipendenza da barbiturici. Il meccanismo con cui la tolleranza ai barbiturici si sviluppa, si pensa sia diverso da quello per l'etanolo o le benzodiazepine, anche se questi farmaci hanno dimostrato tolleranza crociata. La gestione di una dipendenza fisica da barbiturici è l'inserimento del fenobarbital ad azione prolungata seguita da una riduzione graduale della dose. Il fenobarbital eliminato lentamente diminuisce la gravità della sindrome di astinenza e riduce la probabilità di gravi effetti quali le convulsioni. Gli antipsicotici non sono raccomandati per la sospensione dei barbiturici, soprattutto la clozapina, olanzapina o fenotiazine a bassa potenza come la clorpromazina, abbassano la soglia convulsiva e possono peggiorare una sindrome da astinenza; se è necessario bisogna utilizzarli con estrema cautela. (it)
  • Барбитури́зм — болезненное пристрастие к лекарственным веществам из группы барбитуратов, форма наркомании. Согласно МКБ-10, барбитуризм относится к рубрике «психические и поведенческие расстройства, вызванные употреблением седативных или снотворных средств» (употребление с вредными последствиями или синдром зависимости). (ru)
ICD9
  • 304.1
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ICD10
  • .2
  • F13.
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