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Biological soil crusts are communities of living organisms on the soil surface in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. They are found throughout the world with varying species composition and cover depending on topography, soil characteristics, climate, plant community, microhabitats, and disturbance regimes. Biological soil crusts perform important ecological roles including carbon fixation, nitrogen fixation and soil stabilization; they alter soil albedo and water relations and affect germination and nutrient levels in vascular plants. They can be damaged by fire, recreational activity, grazing and other disturbances and can require long time periods to recover composition and function. Biological soil crusts are also known as biocrusts or as cryptogamic, microbiotic, microphytic, or cryptobio

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  • Biological soil crust (en)
  • Biologische Bodenkruste (de)
  • Costras biológicas de suelo (es)
  • 生物土壤结皮 (zh)
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  • 生物土壤結皮(biological soil crusts, BSCs, 简称生物结皮)是由蓝细菌、藻类、地衣、苔藓等隐花植物和土壤微生物及其他生物通过菌丝体、假根和分泌物等与土壤表层颗粒胶结形成的一种复合体,是乾旱和半干旱气候土壤表面的生物群落。生物土壤結皮遍布世界各地,依地形、土質、氣候、植群、微生境、的相異由不同物種組成。 生物土壤結皮具有重要的生態角色,有固炭、固氮、保持結構穩定的功能。也影響土表反照率、water relations、種子發芽、維管束植物的養分含量 。 生物土壤结皮一般划分为藻结皮、地衣结皮和藓结皮3个主要演替阶段。 (zh)
  • Biological soil crusts are communities of living organisms on the soil surface in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. They are found throughout the world with varying species composition and cover depending on topography, soil characteristics, climate, plant community, microhabitats, and disturbance regimes. Biological soil crusts perform important ecological roles including carbon fixation, nitrogen fixation and soil stabilization; they alter soil albedo and water relations and affect germination and nutrient levels in vascular plants. They can be damaged by fire, recreational activity, grazing and other disturbances and can require long time periods to recover composition and function. Biological soil crusts are also known as biocrusts or as cryptogamic, microbiotic, microphytic, or cryptobio (en)
  • Biologische Bodenkrusten sind ein Mikroökosystem, bei dem anorganische Bodenpartikel durch Bodenorganismen wie Cyanobakterien, Bodenalgen, Myzel und Hyphen von Mikropilzen und Moose und ihre Aktivitäten und Produkte, wie zum Beispiel extrazellulär abgeschiedene Polysaccharide, verbunden und dadurch stabilisiert werden. Diese lebenden Krusten überziehen die Bodenoberfläche als zusammenhängende Schicht auf der Bodenoberfläche und in den obersten Millimetern des Bodens. Die Strukturen sind auch schon unter zahlreichen synonymen Namen wie kryptogame, kryprobiotische, mikrobiotische, mikrophytische oder organogene Bodenkrusten beschrieben worden. Biologische Bodenkrusten treten in Lebensräumen mit offener, nicht vollständig von Gefäßpflanzen bedeckter Bodenoberfläche auf, sie sind von besondere (de)
  • Las costras biológicas de suelo son comunidades de organismos que habitan en la superficie del suelo de ecosistemas áridos y semiáridos. Se encuentran en todo el mundo, su composición y abundancia varia según la topografía, características del suelo, clima, vegetación asociada, microhabitats, y grado de perturbación. Las costras de suelo llevan a cabo funciones ecológicas importantes, como la fijación de carbono, fijación de nitrógeno y estabilización del suelo; alteran el efecto albedo de la tierra y las relaciones de agua sobre su superficie, así como afectan la germinación y los niveles de nutrientes para las plantas vasculares. Las costras pueden sufrir daños por incendios, pastoreo, actividades recreativas y otras perturbaciones, por lo que las costras de suelo pueden requerir periodo (es)
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  • Biological soil crust (en)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cryptobiotic.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cryptobiotic_soil_crust_in_Natural_Bridges_National_Monument_near_Sipapu_20100906_-_number_5.png
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