Brevetoxin (PbTx), or brevetoxins, are a suite of cyclic polyether compounds produced naturally by a species of dinoflagellate known as Karenia brevis. Brevetoxins are neurotoxins that bind to voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve cells, leading to disruption of normal neurological processes and causing the illness clinically described as neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP). Although brevetoxins are most well-studied in K. brevis, they are also found in other species of Karenia and at least one large fish kill has been traced to brevetoxins in Chattonella. Other Brevetoxins:
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| - Brevetoxine (de)
- Brevetoxin (en)
- Brevetossina (it)
- Brévétoxine (fr)
- ブレベトキシン (ja)
- Бреветоксины (ru)
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| - Brevetoxine (Ptychodiscus-Toxine, PbTx) sind neurotoxische Algengifte der Dinoflagellaten der Spezies Karenia. Namensgeber der Toxine ist Karenia brevis (früher Gymnodinium breve und Ptychodiscus brevis). Brevetoxine sind geschmacklos, geruchlos, Säure- und Hitzestabil (bis 300 °C). (de)
- Le Brevetossine sono una serie di composti polieteri ciclici prodotti naturalmente da una specie di dinoflagellati noti come Karenia brevis. Le brevetossine sono neurotossine che si legano ai canali del sodio voltaggio-dipendenti nelle cellule nervose, con conseguente interruzione dei normali processi neurologici e che possono provocare la malattia clinicamente definita come . Sebbene le brevetossine più studiate siano quelle della Karenia brevis, si trovano anche in altre specie di Karenia ed in alcune microalghe. (it)
- ブレベトキシン (brevetoxin, BTX) は神経性貝毒に分類される毒で、有毒渦鞭毛藻のカレニア・ブレビス（Karenia brevis、旧分類では Gymnodinium breve）が産生する環状ポリエーテル化合物である。神経細胞の電位依存性ナトリウムチャネルに特異的に結合し、活性化を促して正常な神経伝達を阻害する。 (ja)
- Бреветоксины — семейство ядов небелковой природы, продуцируемых динофлагеллятами Ptychodiscus brevis. Существует несколько различных бреветоксинов: Симптомы отравления бреветоксинами: слюнотечение, сильный насморк, самопроизвольная дефекация, вялый паралич мышц. Смерть наступает в результате остановки дыхания. Действие бреветоксинов обусловлено блокадой нервно-мышечной передачи. Бреветоксин-2 был успешно синтезирован в лабораторных условиях К. Николау в 1995 году. (ru)
- Brevetoxin (PbTx), or brevetoxins, are a suite of cyclic polyether compounds produced naturally by a species of dinoflagellate known as Karenia brevis. Brevetoxins are neurotoxins that bind to voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve cells, leading to disruption of normal neurological processes and causing the illness clinically described as neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP). Although brevetoxins are most well-studied in K. brevis, they are also found in other species of Karenia and at least one large fish kill has been traced to brevetoxins in Chattonella. Other Brevetoxins: (en)
- Les brévétoxines sont des neurotoxines produites par certaines dinoflagellés tels que Karenia brevis. Ces toxines peuvent provoquer la paralysie chez l'Homme, les poissons et les cétacés. Elles agissent en bloquant la propagation de l'influx nerveux. L'intoxication humaine par les brévétoxines, à la suite d'une consommation de poisson ou de coquillages contaminés, est globalement peu commune. En effet les risques sont visibles car les fortes concentrations de cette toxine provoquent des morts massives de poissons. Les baigneurs peuvent être victimes de problèmes respiratoires. (fr)
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| - Brevetoxine (Ptychodiscus-Toxine, PbTx) sind neurotoxische Algengifte der Dinoflagellaten der Spezies Karenia. Namensgeber der Toxine ist Karenia brevis (früher Gymnodinium breve und Ptychodiscus brevis). Brevetoxine sind geschmacklos, geruchlos, Säure- und Hitzestabil (bis 300 °C). (de)
- Brevetoxin (PbTx), or brevetoxins, are a suite of cyclic polyether compounds produced naturally by a species of dinoflagellate known as Karenia brevis. Brevetoxins are neurotoxins that bind to voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve cells, leading to disruption of normal neurological processes and causing the illness clinically described as neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP). Although brevetoxins are most well-studied in K. brevis, they are also found in other species of Karenia and at least one large fish kill has been traced to brevetoxins in Chattonella. Other Brevetoxins:
* Brevetoxin-5 (PbTx-5): like PbTx-2, but acetylated hydroxyl group in position 38.
* Brevetoxin-6 (PbTx-6): like PbTx-2, but double bond 27-28 is epoxidated. Brevetoxin-B was synthesized in 1995 by K. C. Nicolaou and coworkers in 123 steps with 91% average yield (final yield ~9·10−6) and in 2004 in a total of 90 steps with an average 93% yield for each step (0.14% overall). K. C. Nicolaou and coworkers reported their synthesis of Brevetoxin-1 in 1998. In 2009, Michael Crimmins and co-workers reported their synthesis of Brevetoxin-1 as well. (en)
- Le Brevetossine sono una serie di composti polieteri ciclici prodotti naturalmente da una specie di dinoflagellati noti come Karenia brevis. Le brevetossine sono neurotossine che si legano ai canali del sodio voltaggio-dipendenti nelle cellule nervose, con conseguente interruzione dei normali processi neurologici e che possono provocare la malattia clinicamente definita come . Sebbene le brevetossine più studiate siano quelle della Karenia brevis, si trovano anche in altre specie di Karenia ed in alcune microalghe. (it)
- ブレベトキシン (brevetoxin, BTX) は神経性貝毒に分類される毒で、有毒渦鞭毛藻のカレニア・ブレビス（Karenia brevis、旧分類では Gymnodinium breve）が産生する環状ポリエーテル化合物である。神経細胞の電位依存性ナトリウムチャネルに特異的に結合し、活性化を促して正常な神経伝達を阻害する。 (ja)
- Les brévétoxines sont des neurotoxines produites par certaines dinoflagellés tels que Karenia brevis. Ces toxines peuvent provoquer la paralysie chez l'Homme, les poissons et les cétacés. Elles agissent en bloquant la propagation de l'influx nerveux. L'intoxication humaine par les brévétoxines, à la suite d'une consommation de poisson ou de coquillages contaminés, est globalement peu commune. En effet les risques sont visibles car les fortes concentrations de cette toxine provoquent des morts massives de poissons. Les baigneurs peuvent être victimes de problèmes respiratoires. Les brévétoxines sont des polyéthers cycliques. On en rencontre deux formes : La Brévétoxine-B a été synthétisée en 1995 par et son équipe en 123 étapes avec un rendement moyen de 91 % à chaque étape (rendement final de 0,0009 %) et en 2004 une nouvelle méthode a été mise en place en 90 étapes pour un rendement de 93 % pour chaque étape (0,14 % de rendement final). (fr)
- Бреветоксины — семейство ядов небелковой природы, продуцируемых динофлагеллятами Ptychodiscus brevis. Существует несколько различных бреветоксинов: Симптомы отравления бреветоксинами: слюнотечение, сильный насморк, самопроизвольная дефекация, вялый паралич мышц. Смерть наступает в результате остановки дыхания. Действие бреветоксинов обусловлено блокадой нервно-мышечной передачи. Бреветоксин-2 был успешно синтезирован в лабораторных условиях К. Николау в 1995 году. (ru)
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