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| - Bruce McKinley Shanks (January 29, 1908 – April 12, 1980) was an American editorial cartoonist who worked for the Buffalo Evening News during the middle of the 20th century. There he won the annual Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning for "The Thinker" (August 10, 1957), which showed "the dilemma of union membership when confronted by corrupt leaders in some labor unions". Beside the Pulitzer, Shanks won eight Freedoms Foundation awards and several Page One Awards from the American Newspaper Guild. (en)
- Bruce McKinley Shanks (29 de janeiro de 1908 - 12 de abril de 1980) foi um cartunista editorial americano que trabalhou para o Buffalo Evening News durante a metade do século XX. Lá, ele ganhou o Prêmio Pulitzer anual de desenho animado editorial para "The Thinker" (10 de agosto de 1957), que mostrava "o dilema da associação sindical quando confrontado por líderes corruptos em alguns sindicatos". Ao lado do Pulitzer, Shanks ganhou oito prêmios da Freedoms Foundation e vários prêmios Page One da American Newspaper Guild. (pt)
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| - Bruce McKinley Shanks (January 29, 1908 – April 12, 1980) was an American editorial cartoonist who worked for the Buffalo Evening News during the middle of the 20th century. There he won the annual Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning for "The Thinker" (August 10, 1957), which showed "the dilemma of union membership when confronted by corrupt leaders in some labor unions". Shanks was born in Buffalo, New York, the son of George Shanks, who owned a local sign painting business. From 1924 to 1927, he attended Lafayette High School, where he was taught by art instructor Elizabeth Weiffenbach, who later (1936-1939) also influenced the style of science-fiction cover artist Kelly Freas. Shanks began his employment with the Buffalo Evening News as a copy boy. His first cartoons appeared in the sports pages. One character created by Shanks was Olaf Fub, a name derived from "Buffalo" spelled backward. A drawing of Fub and the phrase, "Olaf Fub sez ..." continued to introduce the commentary of Evening News writers on local events even well after Shanks' death. Another character who appeared frequently in Shanks' editorial cartoons was John Q. Public. That name was created by Vaughn Shoemaker, another editorial cartoonist, and is now a placeholder name in the United States. Shanks' cartoons were widely distributed by syndicators throughout the U.S. and the world at the height of his career, so he may have contributed to the establishment of the placeholder. Beside the Pulitzer, Shanks won eight Freedoms Foundation awards and several Page One Awards from the American Newspaper Guild. During World War II, Shanks served in the U.S. Army from 1942 to 1945. He died in Palm Beach, Florida in 1980. (en)
- Bruce McKinley Shanks (29 de janeiro de 1908 - 12 de abril de 1980) foi um cartunista editorial americano que trabalhou para o Buffalo Evening News durante a metade do século XX. Lá, ele ganhou o Prêmio Pulitzer anual de desenho animado editorial para "The Thinker" (10 de agosto de 1957), que mostrava "o dilema da associação sindical quando confrontado por líderes corruptos em alguns sindicatos". Shanks nasceu em Buffalo, Nova York, filho de George Shanks, dono de uma empresa local de pintura de placas. De 1924 a 1927, ele frequentou a Lafayette High School, onde foi ensinado pela instrutora de arte Elizabeth Weiffenbach, que mais tarde (1936-1939) também influenciou o estilo da artista de capa de ficção científica Kelly Freas. Shanks começou a trabalhar no Buffalo Evening News como garoto-propaganda. Seus primeiros desenhos animados apareceram nas páginas de esportes. Um personagem criado por Shanks era Olaf Fub, um nome derivado de "Buffalo" escrito para trás. Um desenho de Fub e a frase "Olaf Fub sez ..."continuou a apresentar o comentário dos escritores do Evening News sobre eventos locais, mesmo após a morte de Shanks. Outro personagem que apareceu com frequência nos desenhos editoriais de Shanks foi John Q. Public. Esse nome foi criado por Vaughn Shoemaker, outro cartunista editorial, e agora é um nome reservado nos Estados Unidos. Os cartuns de Shanks foram amplamente distribuídos por sindicatos nos EUA e no mundo no auge de sua carreira, então ele pode ter contribuído para o estabelecimento do espaço reservado. Ao lado do Pulitzer, Shanks ganhou oito prêmios da Freedoms Foundation e vários prêmios Page One da American Newspaper Guild. Durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, Shanks serviu no exército dos EUA de 1942 a 1945. Ele morreu em Palm Beach, Flórida, em 1980. (pt)
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