The Kalmyk people are the only people of Europe whose national religion is Buddhism. In 2016, 53.4% of the population surveyed identified themselves as Buddhist. They live in Kalmykia, a federal subject of the Russian Federation located in southwestern Russia. The border faces Dagestan to the south, Stavropol Krai to the southwest, Rostov Oblast to the west, Volgograd Oblast to the northwest and Astrakhan Oblast to the east. The Caspian Sea borders Kalmykia to the southeast.
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| - Buddhism in Kalmykia (en)
- البوذية في قلميقيا (ar)
- Bouddhisme en Kalmoukie (fr)
- 칼미키야의 불교 (ko)
- Буддизм в Калмыкии (ru)
- 卡尔梅克共和国的佛教 (zh)
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| - البوذية في قلميقيا هي الفاجرايانية ("الآلة البراقة"، ثالثة الطوائف البوذية عددا للأتباع)Mahayana#cite note-5المتبعة رسميا في جمهورية قلميقيا الروسية، موطن البوذية الوحيد في أوروبا. (ar)
- Les Kalmouks sont le seul peuple du continent européen dont la religion nationale est le bouddhisme.[réf. nécessaire]Ils vivent en République de Kalmoukie, un État fédéral de la Fédération de Russie. (fr)
- 칼미크 공화국은 러시아의 공화국이고 이 지역의 칼미크인들과 칼미크 공화국은 유럽의 유일한 불교 종족과 공화국이다. 칼미크인들은 몽골족의 서쪽 그룹에 속한 민족으로 16세기 몽골족들이 동서로 분리될 때 생긴 민족이다. 일부 칼미크인들이 이슬람교를 믿지만 대부분 티벳 불교를 믿는다. 대부분 그들의 지도자를 달라이 라마로 본다. 칼미크 불교의 사원이 세르비아 베오그라드에 세워졌다. 몇몇 칼미크 불교 사원이 뉴저지주의 먼마우스 군에 세워졌고 미국 칼미크 불교의 중심이 됐다. 뉴저지주 워싱턴 군에는 티벳 불교 학습 센터가 있다. (ko)
- Калмыкия — единственный в Европе регион традиционного распространения тибетской формы буддизма, исповедуемого калмыками с конца XVI века. (ru)
- 卡尔梅克共和国是欧洲唯一的一個以佛教为主要信仰的行政區，卡尔梅克人也是唯一信仰佛教的欧洲民族，他们信仰藏传佛教格魯派（黄教）。 卡尔梅克人是土尔扈特与一些杜尔伯特人的后裔，17世紀衛拉特蒙古和硕特高僧咱雅班第達呼圖克圖弘法，卡尔梅克人因而皈依。二次大战后，他们的宗教信仰由本國移民传播到欧美，在塞尔维亚的贝尔格萊德与美國华府建有卡尔梅克人宗教中心。 (zh)
- The Kalmyk people are the only people of Europe whose national religion is Buddhism. In 2016, 53.4% of the population surveyed identified themselves as Buddhist. They live in Kalmykia, a federal subject of the Russian Federation located in southwestern Russia. The border faces Dagestan to the south, Stavropol Krai to the southwest, Rostov Oblast to the west, Volgograd Oblast to the northwest and Astrakhan Oblast to the east. The Caspian Sea borders Kalmykia to the southeast. (en)
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| - البوذية في قلميقيا هي الفاجرايانية ("الآلة البراقة"، ثالثة الطوائف البوذية عددا للأتباع)Mahayana#cite note-5المتبعة رسميا في جمهورية قلميقيا الروسية، موطن البوذية الوحيد في أوروبا. (ar)
- The Kalmyk people are the only people of Europe whose national religion is Buddhism. In 2016, 53.4% of the population surveyed identified themselves as Buddhist. They live in Kalmykia, a federal subject of the Russian Federation located in southwestern Russia. The border faces Dagestan to the south, Stavropol Krai to the southwest, Rostov Oblast to the west, Volgograd Oblast to the northwest and Astrakhan Oblast to the east. The Caspian Sea borders Kalmykia to the southeast. The Kalmyks are the descendants of Oirats who migrated to Europe during the early part of the 17th century. As Tibetan Buddhists, the Kalmyks regard the Dalai Lama as their spiritual leader. The Šajin Lama (Supreme Lama) of the Kalmyks is Erdne Ombadykow, a Philadelphia-born man of Kalmykian origin who was brought up as a Buddhist monk in a Tibetan monastery in India from the age of seven. Ombadykow was appointed to this position by the 14th Dalai Lama in 1992, who identified him as the reincarnation of the Buddhist saint Telo Rinpoche. Ombdaykow divides his time between living in Colorado and living in Kalmykia. Kalmyk political refugees opened the first Buddhist temple in Central Europe, the Belgrade pagoda, located in Belgrade, Serbia, in 1929. In the wake of the Second World War, an estimated 526 Kalmyk refugees migrated from West Germany and surrounding areas to America in the late 1951 and early 1952. By 1962, the approximate Kalmyk population in the United States was 700. There, they established several Kalmyk Buddhist temples in Monmouth County, New Jersey and its environs. Ngawang Wangyal, a Kalmyk Buddhist monk, established the Tibetan Buddhist Learning Center and monastery in Washington, New Jersey. (en)
- Les Kalmouks sont le seul peuple du continent européen dont la religion nationale est le bouddhisme.[réf. nécessaire]Ils vivent en République de Kalmoukie, un État fédéral de la Fédération de Russie. (fr)
- 칼미크 공화국은 러시아의 공화국이고 이 지역의 칼미크인들과 칼미크 공화국은 유럽의 유일한 불교 종족과 공화국이다. 칼미크인들은 몽골족의 서쪽 그룹에 속한 민족으로 16세기 몽골족들이 동서로 분리될 때 생긴 민족이다. 일부 칼미크인들이 이슬람교를 믿지만 대부분 티벳 불교를 믿는다. 대부분 그들의 지도자를 달라이 라마로 본다. 칼미크 불교의 사원이 세르비아 베오그라드에 세워졌다. 몇몇 칼미크 불교 사원이 뉴저지주의 먼마우스 군에 세워졌고 미국 칼미크 불교의 중심이 됐다. 뉴저지주 워싱턴 군에는 티벳 불교 학습 센터가 있다. (ko)
- Калмыкия — единственный в Европе регион традиционного распространения тибетской формы буддизма, исповедуемого калмыками с конца XVI века. (ru)
- 卡尔梅克共和国是欧洲唯一的一個以佛教为主要信仰的行政區，卡尔梅克人也是唯一信仰佛教的欧洲民族，他们信仰藏传佛教格魯派（黄教）。 卡尔梅克人是土尔扈特与一些杜尔伯特人的后裔，17世紀衛拉特蒙古和硕特高僧咱雅班第達呼圖克圖弘法，卡尔梅克人因而皈依。二次大战后，他们的宗教信仰由本國移民传播到欧美，在塞尔维亚的贝尔格萊德与美國华府建有卡尔梅克人宗教中心。 (zh)
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