The ceiniog (Latin: denarius; English: penny; plural: ceiniogau) was the basic currency of the medieval Welsh kingdoms such as Gwynedd and Deheubarth. Hywel Dda was the only ruler recorded as minting his own proper coins; however, the ceiniog was not a coin but a value of silver. The "legal penny" (Latin: denarius legalis; Welsh: ceiniog cyfreith) was the weight of 32 wheat grains in silver; the "curt penny" (Welsh: ceiniog cwta), the weight of 24 wheat grains. The latter was based on the old Roman pound; the former, Charlemagne's and Offa's. The Welsh half-penny was the dymey of 12 wheat grains (roughly ⅓ the "legal penny") and the farthing (quarter-penny) was the firdlyc of 6.
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| - Ceiniog (en)
- Ceiniog (fr)
- Ceiniog (pt)
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| - O ceiniog (em latim: denarius; em português: centavo; plural: ceiniogau) foi uma moeda básica dos reinos medievais galeses como no Venedócia e . foi o único governante a registrar e a cunhar suas próprias moedas; entretanto, o Ceiniog não era uma moeda, e sim um valor de prata. A "moeda legal de um centavo" (em latim: denarius legalis; em galês: ceiniog cyfreith) foi o peso de 32 grãos de trigo em prata; a "moeda de um centavo curto" (em galês: ceiniog cwta), tinha como peso de 24 grãos de trigo. A último foi baseada na antiga libra romana; a primeira, Libra francesa e Libra anglo-saxã. O meio-centavo galês era o dymey de 12 grãos de trigo (cerca de ⅓ do "centavo legal"). (pt)
- The ceiniog (Latin: denarius; English: penny; plural: ceiniogau) was the basic currency of the medieval Welsh kingdoms such as Gwynedd and Deheubarth. Hywel Dda was the only ruler recorded as minting his own proper coins; however, the ceiniog was not a coin but a value of silver. The "legal penny" (Latin: denarius legalis; Welsh: ceiniog cyfreith) was the weight of 32 wheat grains in silver; the "curt penny" (Welsh: ceiniog cwta), the weight of 24 wheat grains. The latter was based on the old Roman pound; the former, Charlemagne's and Offa's. The Welsh half-penny was the dymey of 12 wheat grains (roughly ⅓ the "legal penny") and the farthing (quarter-penny) was the firdlyc of 6. (en)
- Le ceiniog ( latin : denarius ; anglais : penny ; pluriel: ceiniogau ) était la monnaie de base des royaumes gallois médiévaux comme Gwynedd ou Deheubarth. Hywel Dda était le seul dirigeant pouvant frapper ses propres pièces; cependant, le ceiniog n'était pas une pièce mais plutôt une valeur monétaire. Le « sou légal » ( latin : denarius legalis ; gallois : ceiniog cyfreith) était l'équivalent en argent du poids de 32 grains de blé ; le "penny" (gallois : ceiniog cwta), le poids de 24 grains de blé. Ce dernier était basé sur l'ancienne livre romaine ; l'original étant celui de Charlemagne et de Offa. Le demi-penny gallois était le dymey de 12 grains de blé (à peu près ⅓ du "penny légal") et le farthing (quart-penny) était le firdlyc de 6. (fr)
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| - The ceiniog (Latin: denarius; English: penny; plural: ceiniogau) was the basic currency of the medieval Welsh kingdoms such as Gwynedd and Deheubarth. Hywel Dda was the only ruler recorded as minting his own proper coins; however, the ceiniog was not a coin but a value of silver. The "legal penny" (Latin: denarius legalis; Welsh: ceiniog cyfreith) was the weight of 32 wheat grains in silver; the "curt penny" (Welsh: ceiniog cwta), the weight of 24 wheat grains. The latter was based on the old Roman pound; the former, Charlemagne's and Offa's. The Welsh half-penny was the dymey of 12 wheat grains (roughly ⅓ the "legal penny") and the farthing (quarter-penny) was the firdlyc of 6. Since the value in ceiniogau of most common goods and animals were regulated by the Laws of Hywel Dda, the system also simplified barter in Wales. (en)
- Le ceiniog ( latin : denarius ; anglais : penny ; pluriel: ceiniogau ) était la monnaie de base des royaumes gallois médiévaux comme Gwynedd ou Deheubarth. Hywel Dda était le seul dirigeant pouvant frapper ses propres pièces; cependant, le ceiniog n'était pas une pièce mais plutôt une valeur monétaire. Le « sou légal » ( latin : denarius legalis ; gallois : ceiniog cyfreith) était l'équivalent en argent du poids de 32 grains de blé ; le "penny" (gallois : ceiniog cwta), le poids de 24 grains de blé. Ce dernier était basé sur l'ancienne livre romaine ; l'original étant celui de Charlemagne et de Offa. Le demi-penny gallois était le dymey de 12 grains de blé (à peu près ⅓ du "penny légal") et le farthing (quart-penny) était le firdlyc de 6. Étant donné que la valeur en ceiniogau de la plupart des biens et animaux courants était réglementée par les lois de Hywel Dda, le système a également simplifié le troc au Pays de Galles. (fr)
- O ceiniog (em latim: denarius; em português: centavo; plural: ceiniogau) foi uma moeda básica dos reinos medievais galeses como no Venedócia e . foi o único governante a registrar e a cunhar suas próprias moedas; entretanto, o Ceiniog não era uma moeda, e sim um valor de prata. A "moeda legal de um centavo" (em latim: denarius legalis; em galês: ceiniog cyfreith) foi o peso de 32 grãos de trigo em prata; a "moeda de um centavo curto" (em galês: ceiniog cwta), tinha como peso de 24 grãos de trigo. A último foi baseada na antiga libra romana; a primeira, Libra francesa e Libra anglo-saxã. O meio-centavo galês era o dymey de 12 grãos de trigo (cerca de ⅓ do "centavo legal"). (pt)
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